Lidar Investigation of Middle Atmosphere Temperature, Composition, Chemistry, and Dynamics at McMurdo, Antarctica

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。该项目将在美国麦克默多南极站部署一个经过现场验证的Fe玻尔兹曼温度激光雷达，并在那里进行多年的观测，追求以下科学目标：(a)建立78°S下整个极地大气的温度记录，以监测气候变化；(b)验证用于预测我们气候系统未来状态的复杂大气模式；(c)表征极地中层大气的热结构、极地中间层云、非均质化学、大尺度动力学和重力波。该项目的长期目标是在麦克默多操作激光雷达，通过完整的11年太阳活动周期来表征太阳活动对中层大气的响应及其年际变化，并提取长期长期趋势，以评估中层大气的潜在气候变化。这些观测将提供南极和南极圈中间关键纬向间隙区极地中层大气的重要信息，与南极站和罗瑟拉站先前的观测相结合，完成观测。麦克默多大气重力波场的分析将特别有助于推进对波耦合的理解，并通过同时利用激光雷达、中频雷达和卫星测量，为波参数化提供更好的约束。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). The project is to deploy a field-proven Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar to the U.S. Antarctic station McMurdo, and to conduct there multi-year observations pursuing the following scientific objectives: (a) To establish a temperature record throughout the polar atmosphere at 78°S to monitor climate change, (b) To validate sophisticated atmospheric models that are used to project the future state of our climate system, and (c) To characterize the thermal structure, polar mesospheric clouds, heterogeneous chemistry, large-scale dynamics, and gravity waves in the polar middle atmosphere. The project's long-term goal is to operate the lidar at McMurdo through complete 11-yrs solar activity cycle characterizing middle atmosphere responses to the solar activity and its annual and inter-annual variations, and extracting long-term secular trends to assess potential climate changes in the middle atmosphere. These observations will provide crucial information on the polar middle atmosphere in the critical latitudinal gap region mid-way between the South Pole and Antarctic Circle, completing observations in combination with previous measurements made at the South Pole and Rothera stations. Analysis of the atmospheric gravity wave fields at McMurdo will be particularly useful in advancing understanding of wave coupling and providing better constraints to wave parameterizations by utilizing simultaneous lidar, MF radar, and satellite measurements.