Collaborative Research: Fe and Na Lidar Investigations of Geospace-Atmosphere Temperature, Composition, Chemistry, and Dynamics at McMurdo, Antarctica

合作研究：南极洲麦克默多的地球空间大气温度、成分、化学和动力学的铁和钠激光雷达研究

• 批准号: 2110428
• 负责人: Xinzhao Chu
• 金额: $ 326.44万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110428&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Fe; Na; Lidar

This award is funded in whole or part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The Geospace coupling system consists of multiple domains transferring solar wind energy and momentum through the Earth's magnetosphere down to the polar ionosphere and thermosphere (neutral upper atmosphere). The 100-200 km altitude region is one of the most important domains where the magnetospheric energy dissipates by precipitating charged particles and respective Joule heating of the upper atmosphere. However, this plasma-neutral coupling in this domain is the lees understood one because it is located well below satellite-observing altitudes, so only remote sensing techniques from the Earth's surface are available here - and observations of neutral winds and temperatures in this range of altitudes are rare. The observations that have been acquired by the LIDAR instrumentation at the McMurdo Station in Antarctica over the last decade have already enabled compelling new science. Studies of plasma-neutral coupling significantly advanced understanding of these complex space-atmosphere interactions. This award will advance a new concept of multistep vertical wave coupling from ground to the thermosphere that was develop from discoveries made by McMurdo lidars. This concept helps advancing the space weather modeling by better assessing the impact of the lower atmosphere forcing on the ionosphere and thermosphere dynamics. Gravity wave forcing on the polar upper atmosphere via wave drag and mixing is important to a wide range of research problems, including general circulation modeling, atmospheric chemistry modeling, thermal balance calculations, studies of airglow and metal layers, and the estimates of the cosmic dust influx. The development of the absolute temperature climatology is crucial for calibrating satellite observations of the polar thermosphere and its connections with the mesosphere and lower atmosphere – they are needed to validate global climate models, and decades from now will serve as the baseline against which long-term temperature trends in the changing Antarctic climate are assessed. The sodium and Fe-Boltzmann lidars that have been operated at McMurdo acquire vertical profiles of neutral atmospheric parameters, including temperature from 30 to ~200 km, vertical winds, and iron & sodium densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. This will provide answers on new science questions related to the complex physics, chemistry, and dynamics of the polar atmosphere and Geospace that are inspired by McMurdo lidar discoveries. These studies provided unique opportunities to train a new generation of scientists and engineers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项的全部或部分资金来自《2021年美国救援计划法案》(公法117-2)。地球空间耦合系统由多个领域组成，将太阳风能和动量通过地球磁层向下传递到极地电离层和热层(中性高层大气)。100-200公里高空区域是磁层能量通过高空大气中带电粒子的析出和相应的焦耳加热而耗散的重要区域之一。然而，这一领域的等离子体-中性耦合是人们所理解的，因为它位于卫星观测高度以下，因此这里只有地球表面的遥感技术--在这种高度范围内观测中性风和温度的情况很少见。在过去的十年里，南极麦克默多站的激光雷达仪器所获得的观测结果已经使引人注目的新科学成为可能。等离子体-中性耦合的研究极大地促进了对这些复杂的空间-大气相互作用的理解。这一奖项将推进从地面到热层的多阶垂直波耦合的新概念，该概念是根据麦克默多激光雷达的发现而开发的。这一概念通过更好地评估低层大气强迫对电离层和热层动力学的影响，有助于推进空间天气模拟。重力波通过波的拖曳和混合作用于极地高层大气，对于大气环流模拟、大气化学模拟、热平衡计算、气辉和金属层的研究以及宇宙尘埃流入的估计等广泛的研究问题具有重要意义。绝对温度气候学的发展对于校准对极地热层及其与中间层和低层大气的联系的卫星观测至关重要--它们是验证全球气候模型所必需的，几十年后将作为评估不断变化的南极气候的长期温度趋势的基线。已经在麦克默多运行的钠和铁-玻尔兹曼激光雷达获得了中性大气参数的垂直剖面，包括从30到~200公里的温度、垂直风以及中间层和低热层区域的铁和钠密度。这将为新的科学问题提供答案，这些问题与受麦克默多激光雷达发现启发的极地大气和地球空间的复杂物理、化学和动力学有关。这些研究为培养新一代科学家和工程师提供了独特的机会。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Vertical Transport of Sensible Heat and Meteoric Na by the Complete Temporal Spectrum of Gravity Waves in the MLT Above McMurdo (77.84°S, 166.67°E), Antarctica

南极洲麦克默多（77.84°S，166.67°E）上方 MLT 重力波完整时间谱对显热和流星钠的垂直传输

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035728
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Chu, Xinzhao;Gardner, Chester S.;Li, Xianxin;Lin, Cissi Ying‐Tsen
• 通讯作者: Lin, Cissi Ying‐Tsen

Interhemispheric Coupling Study by Observations and Modelling (ICSOM): Concept, Campaigns, and Initial Results

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jd038249
• 发表时间: 2016-03
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Kaoru Sato;Y. Tomikawa;M. Kohma;Ryosuke Yasui;D. Koshin;H. Okui;S. Watanabe;K. Miyazaki;M. Tsutsumi;D. Murphy;C. Meek;Yufang Tian;M. Ern;G. Baumgarten;J. Chau;X. Chu;R. Collins;P. Espy;H. Hashiguchi;A. Kavanagh;R. Latteck;F. Lübken;M. Milla;S. Nozawa;Y. Ogawa;K. Shiokawa;M. Alexander;Takuji Nakamura;W. Ward

Eliminating photon noise biases in the computation of second-order statistics of lidar temperature, wind, and species measurements

消除激光雷达温度、风和物种测量的二阶统计计算中的光子噪声偏差

• DOI: 10.1364/ao.400375
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Applied Optics
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Gardner, Chester S.;Chu, Xinzhao
• 通讯作者: Chu, Xinzhao