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Collaborative Research: Comparative Investigation of Incipient Sex Chromosome Evolution in the genus Asparagus

合作研究：芦笋属早期性染色体进化的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
0841008
负责人：
Joseph Pires
金额：
$ 1万
依托单位：
University of Missouri-Columbia
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-07-15 至 2011-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0841008&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Comparative Investigation Incipient

项目摘要

While distinctive sex chromosomes are a conspicuous feature of the nuclei of diverseorganisms, the evolutionary processes responsible for the origins of separate gendersand sex chromosomes in animals, plants and fungi remain largely unknown. Theindependent origin of separate sexes (that is, male individuals and female individuals) inmany flowering plant lineages provides biologists with an opportunity to investigatevarious stages in the evolution of gender determination and sex chromosomes. Forexample, separate sexes have evolved within the last two million years in the genusAsparagus and the genes responsible for gender determination have been mapped to arelatively small region on otherwise recombining chromosomes. PIs, Leebens-Mackand Pires will sequence across the newly evolving female (proto-X) and male (proto-Y)forms of this region in garden asparagus in order to test hypotheses concerning theearly evolution of incipient sex chromosomes and to identify candidate genes that maybe responsible for gender determination.By investigating the mechanisms that promote repression of recombination betweengenes influencing male and female function in flowering plants, the results from thisproject will have implications for crop improvement and the fundamental processes thatshape genome structure. Undergraduate students will also be trained in genomeannotation and comparative genomics.

虽然不同的性染色体是不同生物体细胞核的显著特征，但动物、植物和真菌中不同性别和性染色体起源的进化过程在很大程度上仍然未知。在许多开花植物谱系中，不同性别（即雄性个体和雌性个体）的独立起源为生物学家提供了一个研究性别决定和性染色体进化的各个阶段的机会。例如，在过去的200万年里，芦笋属已经进化出了不同的性别，负责性别决定的基因已经被定位在重组染色体上相对较小的区域。PIs、Leebens-Mack和Pires将对花园芦笋中这一区域新进化的雌性（原X）和雄性（原Y）形式进行测序，以检验有关早期性染色体早期进化的假设，并确定可能负责性别决定的候选基因。该项目的结果将对作物改良和基因组结构形成的基本过程产生影响。本科生还将接受基因组注释和比较基因组学方面的培训。