Plant Cell Polarization in Response to Extrinsic Cues

植物细胞对外部信号的极化反应

• 批准号: 0843704
• 负责人: Laurie Smith
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0843704&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Plant; Cell; Polarization; Response; Extrinsic

The acquisition of cellular asymmetry (polarity) is essential for generating cell diversity during eukaryotic development. Intrinsic or extrinsic cues orient cell polarity, but relatively little is known about how cells translate polarizing cues to establish and maintain a polarized state. The overall goal of this project is to advance our understanding of how plant cells become polarized in response to extrinsic cues. Previous work discovered a receptor-like protein, PAN1, which is implicated in perception of an extrinsic cue that polarizes cells during the development of stomata (epidermal pores) in maize leaves. Current project will build on these earlier findings using genetic, molecular and biochemical approaches to advance the understanding of mechanisms by which PAN1 promotes cell polarity marked by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and re-positioning of the nucleus. Specifically, the project will elucidate the connections between PAN1 and known regulators of actin polymerization, to identify a protein shown to be phosphorylated in a PAN1-dependent manner as well as a second gene, PAN2, which is required for the same processes as PAN1, and to elucidate the roles of the phosphoprotein and PAN2 in cell polarization. This work will advance the understanding of fundamental aspects of eukaryotic development that are misregulated in human diseases, and will also have a positive impact on science education. A postdoc, a graduate student, and an undergraduate will receive interdisplinary training through participation in this project. Project participants will develop and lead hands-on learning activities related to this project in a public San Diego Middle School. Thus, this project will contribute to future science and technology capabilities in the United States.

细胞不对称性（极性）的获得对于真核发育过程中产生细胞多样性至关重要。内在或外在线索决定细胞极性，但人们对细胞如何转化极化线索以建立和维持极化状态知之甚少。该项目的总体目标是增进我们对植物细胞如何响应外在线索而极化的理解。之前的研究发现了一种类似受体的蛋白质 PAN1，它与玉米叶子气孔（表皮孔）发育过程中细胞极化的外在线索的感知有关。当前的项目将建立在这些早期发现的基础上，利用遗传、分子和生化方法，推进对 PAN1 促进细胞极性（以肌动蛋白细胞骨架重组和细胞核重新定位为标志）的机制的理解。具体来说，该项目将阐明 PAN1 和已知的肌动蛋白聚合调节因子之间的联系，鉴定一种以 PAN1 依赖性方式磷酸化的蛋白质以及第二个基因 PAN2（与 PAN1 相同的过程所需），并阐明磷蛋白和 PAN2 在细胞极化中的作用。这项工作将增进对人类疾病中失调的真核发育基本方面的理解，并对科学教育产生积极影响。博士后、研究生和本科生将通过参与该项目接受跨学科培训。项目参与者将在圣地亚哥公立中学开发并领导与该项目相关的实践学习活动。因此，该项目将为美国未来的科学技术能力做出贡献。