Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolution of Skull Mechanisms in Perciform Coral Reef Fishes

鲈形珊瑚鱼头骨机制的系统发育关系和进化

• 批准号: 0844745
• 负责人: Mark Westneat
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0844745&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogenetic; Relationships; Evolution; Skull; Mechanisms

A grant has been awarded to the Field Museum of Natural History under the direction of Dr. Mark Westneat to study the evolution the diverse community of coral reef fishes and their skeletal structure. Coral reefs are centers of marine biodiversity where millions of species coexist. Reef fishes are a major component of the animal life in these habitats in terms of species number, economic resources, and the colorful, moving beauty of a living reef. The reef fish evolutionary tree, or phylogenetic history, depicting the diversification of these fish over time is largely unresolved. In addition, there is much that we have to learn about the way reef fishes feed, survive and coexist in the complex ecology of coral reefs. This project combines novel DNA information to examine the evolutionary tree of large groups of coral reef fishes with studies of how fish species feed to explore evolution in one of the most diverse species radiations on Earth.The main objective of this grant is to understand the evolution of coral reef biodiversity, and to do that we need DNA data on hundreds of species. By using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, including genes that play a role in embryological development (for a total of 10 different genes), this project will analyze a total of 648 species of fishes to understand their phylogenetic history and use this family tree to explore evolutionary patterns in reef fishes. The second objective of the proposal is to combine phylogenetic research with engineering features of fish skulls to reveal patterns of evolutionary biomechanics. Engineering models of skull function link the variation in skull anatomy to feeding mechanics such as bite force, gape speed, and jaw protrusion, giving us a better understanding of how animals function in the reef habitat. For a broader audience, this project contributes to museum collections, education, and exhibits. Students at the college, graduate, and postdoctoral levels are involved with all aspects of the proposed research, including sequencing, analysis, and presentation. International collaborations are underway with people from Austria, Australia, Chile, Kenya, Madagascar, New Zealand, The Philippines, and Thailand. A new museum exhibit at the Field Museum highlights the genetic research proposed here. This research will be incorporated into the new Encyclopedia of Life project through initiatives coordinated by the Biodiversity Synthesis Center at the Field Museum in Chicago.

在Mark Westneat博士的指导下，菲尔德自然历史博物馆获得了一笔赠款，用于研究珊瑚礁鱼类多样性群落及其骨骼结构的演变。 珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的中心，数百万物种共存。珊瑚鱼是这些栖息地动物生活的主要组成部分，无论是物种数量，经济资源，还是生活在珊瑚礁上的多彩，动人的美丽。珊瑚鱼的进化树，或系统发育史，描绘了这些鱼类随着时间的推移的多样化在很大程度上是悬而未决的。此外，我们还必须了解珊瑚鱼在珊瑚礁复杂生态中的进食、生存和共存方式。该项目结合了新的DNA信息，以研究珊瑚礁鱼类的进化树，并研究鱼类如何进食，以探索地球上最多样化的物种辐射之一的进化。该项目的主要目标是了解珊瑚礁生物多样性的进化，为此，我们需要数百种物种的DNA数据。通过使用线粒体和核基因的组合，包括在胚胎发育中发挥作用的基因（共10个不同的基因），该项目将分析总共648种鱼类，以了解它们的系统发育历史，并使用该家谱来探索珊瑚鱼的进化模式。该提案的第二个目标是将联合收割机系统发育研究与鱼类头骨的工程特征相结合，以揭示进化生物力学的模式。头骨功能的工程模型将头骨解剖结构的变化与咬合力、张口速度和下颌突出等进食机制联系起来，使我们更好地了解动物在珊瑚礁栖息地的功能。对于更广泛的受众，该项目有助于博物馆收藏，教育和展览。在大学，研究生和博士后水平的学生都参与了拟议的研究，包括测序，分析和演示的各个方面。与来自奥地利、澳大利亚、智利、肯尼亚、马达加斯加、新西兰、菲律宾和泰国的人正在进行国际合作。菲尔德博物馆的一个新的博物馆展览突出了这里提出的遗传研究。这项研究将通过芝加哥菲尔德博物馆生物多样性综合中心协调的倡议纳入新的生命百科全书项目。