CAREER: Research, Education, and Capacity Building - Genomic Structure of Native Peruvian Populations

该奖项由2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公法111-5)资助。该职业项目将下一代分子遗传学与积极的教育战略相结合，为学生和专业人员做好基因组学方面的准备，并向公众宣传科学的重要性。研究提出的问题是：人类人口多样性的地理格局是什么？那么，移民、环境和文化是如何塑造这种模式的呢？解决这些问题为生物和医学的许多领域提供了基础，包括自然选择的研究，疾病易感基因的搜索，以及疾病关联研究中混杂因素的处理，这些都归因于现代基因交换。秘鲁将成为一个理想的案例研究：1)到目前为止，秘鲁只有一个人口被在基因组水平上进行研究；2)秘鲁是一个生态多样化的国家，有沙漠、高原和亚马逊丛林；3)秘鲁拥有极其丰富的文化前史和广泛的现代语言和种族多样性。基因组数据将为性别偏见的迁徙模式、土著和非土著人民之间遗传混合的程度以及地理和语言障碍对人类遗传多样性模式的作用提供信息。遗传数据包括线粒体基因组和对15个地理上分散的土著种群的800个重复基序的全基因组调查。这些新的数据将与以前公布的数据相结合，提供迄今最广泛的人类群体基因组样本。教育活动将通过考虑不同程度的生物科学培训而接触到广泛的受众。其中包括为高中和社区大学教师举办的年度专业发展讲习班，为本科生开设的遗传学课程和实践经验，为研究生提供的基因组学课程和实践培训，秘鲁的能力建设，使用在线课程进行公共教育，以及通过项目网站传播研究成果。该项目将雇用一名西班牙裔专业全职技术人员，一些本科生和研究生将在研究期间作为研究实习生参加。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).The CAREER project integrates next-generation molecular genetics with an aggressive education strategy to prepare students and professionals in genomics and to communicate the importance of science to the public. The research questions asked are: What is the geographic pattern of human population diversity? and, How have migrations, the environment, and culture shaped this pattern? Addressing these questions provides a foundation for numerous fields of biological and medical science including the study of natural selection, the search for disease predisposing genes, and the handling of confounding factors in disease association research that are attributed to modern genetic exchange.The country of Peru will serve as a ideal case study: 1) to date, only one population in Peru has been studied at a genomic level; 2) Peru is ecologically diverse, with deserts, high plateaus, and the Amazon Jungle; 3) Peru has an extremely rich cultural prehistory and extensive present-day linguistic and ethnic diversity. The genomic data will be informative of sex-biased patterns of migration, the extent of genetic admixture between native and non-native peoples, and the role of geographic and linguistic barriers on patterns of human genetic diversity. The genetic data includes mitochondrial genomes and a genome-wide survey of 800 repeat motifs for 15 geographically dispersed native populations. These novel data will be integrated with previously published data providing the most extensive genomic sampling of human populations to date. Education activities will reach a broad audience by accounting for varied levels of training in biological science. They include an annual professional development workshop for high school and community college teachers, a course and hands-on experience in genetics for undergraduate students, courses and hands-on training in genomics for graduate students, capacity building in Peru, public education using an online course, and the dissemination of the research by a project website. This project will employ one professional, full-time technician who is Hispanic, and a number of undergraduate and graduate students will participate as research interns during the duration of the research.