SGER: Understanding Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Community Response to Natural Disaster

SGER：了解社区应对自然灾害的时空动态

• 批准号: 0848403
• 负责人: Kathleen Stewart
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0848403&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Understanding; Spatiotemporal; Dynamics; Community

While the magnitude of natural disasters can be great, community responses before, during, and after calamitous events can also be significant. Community response includes both top-down and bottom-up activities, including activities coordinated by elected or appointed community leaders and the efforts of neighborhood residents to self-organize to protect the local environment. This Small Grant for Exploratory Research will examine the dynamics of community response to the June 2008 flood of the Iowa River in Iowa City, Iowa, a flood that crested at a level more than 9 feet (2.7 meters) above the river's flood level of 22 feet (6.7 meters) and 20 feet (6.1 m) above the river's median gage height for mid-June. (The peak flood flow rate of more than 40,000 cubic feet per second (1,130 cubic meters per second). was more than ten times the median flow rate for the same time period.) The investigators will collect time-sensitive data that will provide a foundation for modeling community response to a significant natural disaster. They will focus first on collecting data regarding the community's physical response to the flood, such as where, to what height, and when did sandbagging operations occur). They also will start to collect data about what strategies were followed to protect local buildings by conducting interviews to ascertain why sandbags were deployed to particular locations and what influenced decisions to reallocate resources. These interviews will be conducted with City of Iowa City administrators and University of Iowa facilities management staff to gather details about the sequence of actions associated with their attempts to save property and reduce damage and disruption. These data will be used to compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the actual response with stated objectives in order to understand how objectives shifted during as the disaster unfolded. These data will be the used as input the development of spatially explicit simulation models that integrate physical flood characteristics with the spatiotemporal characteristics of top-down and self-organized community responses.This project will enhance basic understanding about the ways that communities respond to natural disasters like floods, with results that can be generalized to other locations as well as other types of disasters. The project will be especially valuable for helping to compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the actual response with stated objectives in order to understand how objectives shifted during an ongoing disaster. The project will provide valuable education and training opportunities for a number of students, and it will help city and university administrators evaluate what transpired during the June 2008 flood, thereby enabling them to be more effective in preparing for and responding to future emergencies.

虽然自然灾害的规模可能很大，但在灾难事件发生之前、期间和之后，社区的反应也可能是重要的。社区应对包括自上而下和自下而上的活动，包括由选举或任命的社区领导人协调的活动，以及邻里居民自组织起来保护当地环境的努力。这项小型探索性研究补助金将研究社区对2008年6月爱荷华州爱荷华市爱荷华河洪水的反应，这场洪水的峰值比6月中旬的河流洪水位22英尺(6.7米)高9英尺(2.7米)，比河流的中值标准高度高20英尺(6.1米)。(洪峰流量超过4万立方英尺每秒(1130立方米每秒)。是同一时期中位数流速的十倍以上。)调查人员将收集时间敏感的数据，这些数据将为模拟社区对重大自然灾害的反应提供基础。他们将首先集中收集有关社区对洪水的实际反应的数据，例如在哪里、多高以及何时进行沙袋作业)。他们还将开始收集有关采取了哪些战略来保护当地建筑的数据，方法是进行访谈，以确定为什么要在特定地点部署沙袋，以及是什么影响了重新分配资源的决定。这些访谈将与爱荷华市管理人员和爱荷华大学设施管理人员进行，以收集与他们试图拯救财产、减少损失和破坏相关的一系列行动的细节。这些数据将被用来将实际反应的时空特征与所述目标进行比较，以便了解在灾难发生期间目标是如何变化的。这些数据将被用作开发空间显式模拟模型的输入，该模型将物理洪水特征与自上而下和自组织的社区响应的时空特征相结合。该项目将加强对社区应对洪水等自然灾害的方式的基本了解，结果可推广到其他地点和其他类型的灾害。该项目将特别有助于将实际反应的时空特征与所述目标进行比较，以便了解在一场持续的灾难期间目标如何转移。该项目将为许多学生提供宝贵的教育和培训机会，并将帮助城市和大学管理人员评估2008年6月洪水期间发生的事情，从而使他们能够更有效地准备和应对未来的紧急情况。