SBIR Phase II: Catalyst for Biomass Gasification Processes

SBIR 第二阶段：生物质气化过程催化剂

• 批准号: 0848877
• 负责人: Richard Long
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: NEXTECH MATERIALS LTD
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-01-15 至 2011-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0848877&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; II; Catalyst; Biomass

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase II project focuses on improving efficiency and reducing cost associated with the production of energy, liquid fuels, and value-added chemicals from gasified biomass. Unlike most other sources of biofuels, gasification would not directly compete with food sources since virtually any organic matter can be used as the feedstock. Examples of feedstocks include agricultural residue, wood chips, and municipal waste. However, biomass gasification is currently a capital intensive process because of the difficulty with producing a clean syngas (free of tars and pollutants) for use in downstream turbines or chemical production steps. Tar removal is necessary to protect down-stream equipment in the process. Within this project, NexTech will develop and commercialize a novel catalytic monolith capable of reforming tars into a useful product, syngas, improving system efficiency. This will be done by first optimizing the processing steps required to produce the monolith, then verifying the monolith performance in independent testing. The end product will provide gasifier users with a simpler and less expensive method for tar removal than currently used approaches.The production of energy and liquid fuels from biomass will have a number of beneficial societal impacts. The gasification process is carbon neutral, since it uses CO2 that was captured from plants; therefore, biomass gasification will replace energy production from fossil fuels, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike fuel crops, biomass is a waste product that has no use for human consumption, so the technology does not compete with food sources. Further, using biomass as a source of energy will reduce the dependence of our nation on foreign sources of energy. The technology being developed could have application to a wide range of other catalytic reactions as well, including lean burn diesel engine exhaust treatment, hydrocarbon reforming and gas-to-liquid processes. From a scientific standpoint, the technology being developed in this project is unique from traditional catalysts, and the basic principles could be applied to a wide range of applications. Additionally, the work being carried out during this project will improve understanding of catalyst deactivation from sulfur poisoning and carbon formation. Overall, the project will contribute novel results to the body of literature in catalysis and materials development.

这个小企业创新研究第二阶段项目的重点是提高效率和降低与气化生物质生产能源，液体燃料和增值化学品相关的成本。 与大多数其他生物燃料来源不同，气化不会直接与食物来源竞争，因为几乎任何有机物质都可以用作原料。 原料的实例包括农业残余物、木屑和城市废物。 然而，生物质气化目前是一种资本密集型工艺，因为难以生产用于下游涡轮机或化学生产步骤的清洁合成气（不含焦油和污染物）。 焦油的去除是必要的，以保护下游设备的过程。 在该项目中，NexTech将开发和商业化一种新型催化剂，能够将焦油转化为有用的产品合成气，提高系统效率。 这将通过首先优化生产整料所需的工艺步骤，然后在独立测试中验证整料性能来完成。 最终产品将为气化炉用户提供一种比目前使用的方法更简单、更便宜的焦油去除方法。从生物质生产能源和液体燃料将产生许多有益的社会影响。 气化过程是碳中性的，因为它使用从植物中捕获的二氧化碳;因此，生物质气化将取代化石燃料的能源生产，从而减少温室气体排放。 与燃料作物不同，生物质是一种废弃物，不适合人类消费，因此该技术不会与粮食资源竞争。 此外，使用生物质作为能源将减少我国对外国能源的依赖。 正在开发的技术也可以应用于广泛的其他催化反应，包括稀燃柴油发动机废气处理，碳氢化合物重整和气体到液体的过程。 从科学的角度来看，该项目正在开发的技术与传统催化剂不同，其基本原理可以应用于广泛的应用领域。 此外，在该项目期间正在进行的工作将提高对硫中毒和碳形成导致的催化剂失活的理解。 总的来说，该项目将为催化和材料开发领域的文献提供新的成果。