Doctoral Dissertation Research Grant: Learning Networks and Social Diversity in the Chaco System, A.D. 850-1140: An Analysis of Basketry Technological Style

博士论文研究资助：查科体系中的学习网络和社会多样性，公元 850-1140 年：篮子技术风格分析

• 批准号: 0853134
• 负责人: Wirt Wills
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-03-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0853134&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Grant; Learning

Under the supervision of Dr. W. H. Wills, Edward A. Jolie will conduct research examining evidence for prehispanic social diversity within Chaco Canyon and throughout the Chaco regional system of northwestern New Mexico. Between A.D. 850 and 1140, Chaco Canyon witnessed the rapid construction of large communal structures where smaller settlements had existed previously and became the core of an extensive regional system in the Four Corners region of the U.S. Southwest. Although researchers debate the role of increased sociopolitical complexity in this development, less attention has been given to social diversity. This is remarkable because previous research has suggested the possibility of multiple socially or biologically distinct groups both within the canyon and throughout the regional system. Basketry provides an avenue for improving understanding of Chacoan social diversity, but has been largely ignored in research on Chaco due to the bias of preservation towards ceramics and architecture. This research will examine archaeological basketry from 13 sites within the Chaco system to (1) examine evidence for social diversity and (2) identify the possible cultural or geographic affinities of Chaco Canyon's occupants. Using museum collections this study will employ analyses of basketry technological style to identify past learning networks and investigate social diversity. Understanding the nature and extent of social diversity in the Chaco system is vital to describing its internal structure. Without knowledge of social diversity it is difficult to specify the details and processes of sociopolitical organization that managed economic and ritual organization, or how it affected post-Chacoan reorganization and migration. This dissertation will contribute to existing literature on the archaeology of Chaco Canyon and aid interpretation for the public by documenting understudied museum collections. Original data acquired during this research will have implications for evaluating models previously proposed to explain Chacoan sociopolitical organization. The estimation of stature and, possibly, sex from sandal data constitutes a novel application of anthropometric tools, while results of residue analyses and radiocarbon dates will enhance our understanding of multiple sites' use and chronology. There is also potential for this study to inform research on the role of social diversity in the development of sociopolitical complexity among middle-range societies more generally.The broader significance of this project lies in its ability to aid archaeological interpretation at several museums and national parks which are important destinations for the visiting public. Drawing on understudied museum collections, the project underscores the importance of these rare collections and reinforces the need to curate and preserve them for future generations. This study's findings may also contribute to discussions of policymaking and Native American claims of cultural affiliation with Chacoan archaeological sites in the Four Corners region because the project explores a case where archaeological evidence suggests that there may have been multiple social groups living together. This research is timely because it complements current research programs in the Middle San Juan region and at Pueblo Bonito. Additionally, this project will further the professional training of a Native American archaeologist by serving as partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree in anthropology from the University of New Mexico.

在W.H.Wills博士的监督下，Edward A.Jolie将进行研究，考察查科峡谷和新墨西哥州西北部查科地区系统中理解类社会多样性的证据。在公元850年至1140年之间，查科峡谷见证了大型公共建筑的快速建设，那里以前存在着较小的定居点，并成为美国西南部四角地区广泛区域系统的核心。尽管研究人员对社会政治复杂性增加在这一发展中的作用进行了辩论，但对社会多样性的关注较少。这是值得注意的，因为之前的研究表明，在峡谷内和整个区域系统中，都有可能出现多个社会或生物上截然不同的群体。篮子法为增进对查科社会多样性的了解提供了一条途径，但由于保存偏向于陶瓷和建筑，在查科的研究中基本上被忽视了。这项研究将检查查科系统内13个遗址的考古篮子，以(1)检查社会多样性的证据，(2)确定查科峡谷居民可能的文化或地理亲缘关系。利用博物馆的藏品，这项研究将利用对篮球技术风格的分析来识别过去的学习网络，并调查社会多样性。了解查科系统中社会多样性的性质和程度对于描述其内部结构至关重要。如果不了解社会多样性，就很难具体说明管理经济和仪式组织的社会政治组织的细节和程序，也很难具体说明它如何影响查科后的重组和移徙。这篇论文将对现有的关于查科峡谷考古学的文献做出贡献，并通过记录未被研究的博物馆收藏品来帮助公众解释。在这项研究中获得的原始数据将对先前提出的解释查科社会政治组织的模型进行评估。从凉鞋数据中估计身高，可能还有性别，构成了人体测量工具的一种新应用，而残留物分析和放射性碳年代测定的结果将增强我们对多个地点的使用和年代学的理解。这项研究还有可能为关于社会多样性在中等社会社会政治复杂性发展中的作用的研究提供信息。这个项目的更广泛的意义在于它能够帮助几个博物馆和国家公园的考古解释，这些博物馆和国家公园是游客的重要目的地。该项目借鉴了未被充分研究的博物馆藏品，强调了这些稀有藏品的重要性，并强调了为子孙后代管理和保存它们的必要性。这项研究的发现也可能有助于关于政策制定和美洲原住民声称与四角地区查科考古遗址有文化联系的讨论，因为该项目探索了一个案例，即考古证据表明可能有多个社会群体生活在一起。这项研究是及时的，因为它补充了圣胡安中部地区和普韦布洛博尼托目前的研究方案。此外，该项目将通过部分满足新墨西哥大学人类学博士学位的要求，进一步加强对一名美洲原住民考古学家的专业培训。