Physics and Astrophysics with IceCube Neutrino Observatory

该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏和再投资法案》(公法111-5)提供资金的。这笔资金将用于实现以下科学目标：(1)寻找与超新星有关的中微子，这些超新星的核心坍塌产生TeV中微子，而温和的相对论喷流正从坍塌的恒星前身出来。(2)在北半球寻找相关的Muon、电子和tau中微子爆发。该团队将通过关联来自介子和级联通道的多个中微子事件的时间、能量和空间位置，使用可能的最佳效率来探测耀斑时间分布，这将有效地使探测器的有效面积比目前的使用增加一倍。(3)寻找在各种量子引力理论中出现的洛伦兹不变性(LIV)的违反，但通常是在地球上无法获得的普朗克能量。该项目使用伽马射线暴产生的超高能中微子，旨在改善电流限制或发现违反LIV的情况。弱等价原理的假设，即中微子和光子在穿过星系引力势时都应该经历相同的时间延迟，这一假设也将得到检验。(4)从未分辨的天体物理源中寻找弥漫的地外高能Muon中微子通量，这可能导致发现宇宙中微子，即使个别源太弱，无法用立方公里探测器探测到。(5)为冰立方提供包括维护和操作在内的服务，在各种中微子事件的校准、监测和模拟方面发挥主导作用。与学生的持续接触为这项拟议的研究提供了更广泛的影响，并使这一努力在其教育使命中站稳了脚跟。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). The funds will be used to accomplish the following scientific objectives: (1) Search for neutrinos associated with supernovae whose core collapsed produces TeV neutrinos while the mildly relativistic jet is making its way out of the collapsing stellar progenitor. (2) Search for bursts of correlated muon, electron, and tau neutrinos in the northern hemisphere. The team will use the best possible efficiency of detecting flaring time profiles by correlating the time, energy, and spatial positions of multiplets of neutrino events from both muon and cascade channels that will effectively double the effective area of the detector compared to present usage. (3) Search for violation of Lorentz-invariance (LIV) that arises in various quantum gravity theories, but typically at Planck energies that are not accessible on Earth. Using very high-energy neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts, the project aims to improve the current limit or find a violation of LIV. The assumption of the weak equivalence principle that both neutrinos and photons should undergo the same time delay as they pass through the gravitational potentials of galaxies will also be tested. (4) Search for a diffuse extraterrestrial flux of high-energy muon neutrinos from unresolved astrophysical sources that could lead to discovery of cosmic neutrinos even if individual sources are too weak for detection with a cubic-km detector. (5) Service to IceCube including maintenance and operations, playing a leading role in calibrations, monitoring, and simulations of various neutrino events. Continued involvement with students provides a broader impact to this proposed research and firmly grounds this effort in its educational mission.