Physics and Astrophysics with IceCube Neutrino Observatory

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。这些资金将用于实现以下科学目标：（1）寻找与超新星有关的中微子，超新星的核心坍塌产生TeV中微子，而温和的相对论喷流正在从坍塌的恒星祖星中脱离出来。(2)在北方搜寻相关μ介子、电子和τ中微子的爆发。 该团队将通过关联来自μ子和级联通道的中微子事件的多重态的时间，能量和空间位置来使用检测耀斑时间曲线的最佳效率，这将有效地使检测器的有效面积比目前的使用增加一倍。(3)寻找在各种量子引力理论中出现的洛伦兹不变性（LIV）的破坏，但通常在地球上无法获得的普朗克能量下。利用伽马射线暴中的高能中微子，该项目旨在改善电流极限或发现违反LIV的情况。弱等效原理的假设，即中微子和光子在通过星系引力势时应该经历相同的时间延迟，也将得到检验。(4)寻找来自未解决的天体物理源的高能μ介子中微子的地外扩散通量，即使单个源太弱，无法用100公里探测器探测到，也可能导致宇宙中微子的发现。(5)为IceCube提供服务，包括维护和操作，在各种中微子事件的校准，监测和模拟中发挥主导作用。与学生的持续参与提供了更广泛的影响，这项拟议的研究，并坚定地在其教育使命的努力。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). The funds will be used to accomplish the following scientific objectives: (1) Search for neutrinos associated with supernovae whose core collapsed produces TeV neutrinos while the mildly relativistic jet is making its way out of the collapsing stellar progenitor. (2) Search for bursts of correlated muon, electron, and tau neutrinos in the northern hemisphere. The team will use the best possible efficiency of detecting flaring time profiles by correlating the time, energy, and spatial positions of multiplets of neutrino events from both muon and cascade channels that will effectively double the effective area of the detector compared to present usage. (3) Search for violation of Lorentz-invariance (LIV) that arises in various quantum gravity theories, but typically at Planck energies that are not accessible on Earth. Using very high-energy neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts, the project aims to improve the current limit or find a violation of LIV. The assumption of the weak equivalence principle that both neutrinos and photons should undergo the same time delay as they pass through the gravitational potentials of galaxies will also be tested. (4) Search for a diffuse extraterrestrial flux of high-energy muon neutrinos from unresolved astrophysical sources that could lead to discovery of cosmic neutrinos even if individual sources are too weak for detection with a cubic-km detector. (5) Service to IceCube including maintenance and operations, playing a leading role in calibrations, monitoring, and simulations of various neutrino events. Continued involvement with students provides a broader impact to this proposed research and firmly grounds this effort in its educational mission.