Climatology, Volcanism, and Microbial Life in Ice with Downhole Loggers

使用井下记录仪研究冰中的气候学、火山活动和微生物生命

• 批准号: 0440609
• 负责人: P. Buford Price
• 金额: $ 36.07万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0440609&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Climatology; Volcanism; Microbial; Life; Ice

This award supports a project to use three downhole instruments - an optical logger; aminiaturized biospectral logger at 420 nm (miniBSL-420); and an Acoustic TeleViewer (ATV) - to log a 350-m borehole at the WAIS Divide drill site. In addition, miniBSL-224 (at 224 nm) and miniBSL-420 will scan ice core sections at NICL to look for abrupt climate changes, volcanic ash, microbial concentrations, and correlations among them. Using the optical logger and ATV to log bubble number densities vs depth in a WAIS Divide borehole, we will detect annual layers, from which we can establish the age vs depth relation to the bottom of the borehole that will be available during the three-year grant period. With the same instruments we will search for long-period modulation of bubble and dust concentrations in order to provide definitive evidence for or against an effect of long-period variability of the sun or solar wind on climate. We will detect and accurately date ash layers in a WAIS Divide borehole. We will match them with ash layers that we previously detected in the Siple Dome borehole, and also match them with sulfate and ash layers found by others at Vostok, Dome Fuji, Dome C, and GISP2. The expected new data will allow us to extend our recent study which showed that the Antarctic record of volcanism correlates with abrupt climate change at a 95% to 99.8% significance level and that the volcanic signatures at bipolar locations match at better than 3 sigma during the interval 2 to 45 kiloyears. The results to be obtained during this grant period will position us to extend an accurate age vs depth relation and volcano-climate correlations to earlier than 150 kiloyears ago in the future WAIS Divide borehole to be drilled to bedrock. Using the miniBSLs to identify biomolecules via their fluorescence, we will log a 350-m borehole at WAIS Divide, and we will scan selected lengths of ice core at NICL. Among the biomolecules the miniBSLs can identify will be chlorophyll, which will provide the first map of aerobic microbes in ice, and F420, which will provide the first map of methanogens in ice. We will collaborate with others in relating results from WAIS Divide and NICL ice cores to broader topics in climatology, volcanology, and microbial ecology. We will continue to give broad training to undergraduate and graduate students, to attract underrepresented minorities to science, engineering, and math, and to educate the press and college teachers. A deeper understanding of the causes of abrupt climate change, including a causal relationship with strong volcanic eruptions, can enable us to understand and mitigate adverse effects on climate.

该奖项支持一个项目，使用三个井下仪器-光学测井仪;在420 nm（miniBSL-420）和声学TeleViewer（ATV）-记录350米的钻孔在WAIS分水岭钻井现场。此外，miniBSL-224（224 nm）和miniBSL-420将扫描NICL的冰芯切片，以寻找突然的气候变化、火山灰、微生物浓度以及它们之间的相关性。 使用光学记录仪和ATV记录气泡数密度与深度在WAIS划分钻孔，我们将检测年度层，从中我们可以建立年龄与深度的关系，将在三年的赠款期间提供的钻孔底部。我们将用同样的仪器寻找气泡和尘埃浓度的长期调制，以便为太阳或太阳风的长期变化对气候的影响提供明确的证据。我们将在WAIS分水岭钻孔中探测火山灰层并准确测定其年代。 我们将把它们与我们以前在Siple Dome钻孔中探测到的灰层进行匹配，并将它们与其他人在东方、富士圆顶、圆顶C和GISP 2发现的硫酸盐和灰层进行匹配。预期的新数据将使我们能够扩展我们最近的研究，该研究表明，南极的火山活动记录与95%至99.8%的显着性水平的气候突变相关，并且在两极地区的火山特征在2至45千年的时间间隔内匹配优于3西格玛。在此赠款期间获得的结果将使我们能够将准确的年龄与深度关系和火山-气候相关性扩展到早于150千年前的未来WAIS分水岭钻孔钻到基岩。使用miniBSL通过荧光识别生物分子，我们将在WAIS Divide记录一个350米的钻孔，我们将在NICL扫描选定长度的冰芯。在miniBSL可以识别的生物分子中，叶绿素将提供冰中好氧微生物的第一张地图，而F420将提供冰中产甲烷菌的第一张地图。我们将与其他人合作，将WAIS分水岭和NICL冰芯的结果与气候学，火山学和微生物生态学中更广泛的主题联系起来。 我们将继续为本科生和研究生提供广泛的培训，吸引代表性不足的少数民族学习科学、工程和数学，并教育新闻界和大学教师。更深入地了解气候突变的原因，包括与强烈火山爆发的因果关系，可以使我们了解和减轻对气候的不利影响。