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Biogeography and evolutionary history of two RNA viruses (arena and hantaviruses) in Africa

非洲两种RNA病毒（竞技场病毒和汉坦病毒）的生物地理学和进化史

基本信息

批准号：
191791271
负责人：
Professor Dr. Stephan Günther
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institute of Vertebrate Biology
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2009-12-31 至 2013-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/191791271?language=en
关键词：
Biogeography evolutionary history two RNA

项目摘要

Emerging and re-emerging diseases are often caused by RNA viruses. Two rodent-borne genera of negative stand RNA viruses, Arenavirus (family Arenaviridae) and Hantavirus (family Bunyaviridae) are intensively studied due to their potential to cause hemorrhagic fever or pulmonary failure. With the exception of the arenavirus Lassa, responsible for Lassa hemorrhagic fever in West Africa, little is known on the occurrence of these viruses in Africa. It is assumed that both groups of viruses have long co-evolutionary histories with their hosts. However, this concept is challenged by recent observa-tions suggesting preferential host switching, which has implications for viral emergence. Considering that more than 1/4th of all contemporary murine species are estimated to live in Africa and that many rodent species and subspecies in Africa are still poorly characterised, it is obvious that Africa is the continent of choice to gain new knowledge on the biogeography and biodiversity of rodent-borne viruses and their hosts. The proposed project is focused on the following questions: 1. What are the diversity, evolutionary history, host range, and geographical distribution of arenaviruses and hanta-viruses in Eastern Africa? 2. What are the evolutionary relationships between the viruses and their hosts? What is the role of virus–host co-evolution and host switching? 3. Can we detect a signature of host adaptation in the evolutionary history of both groups of viruses?

新发和复发疾病通常由RNA病毒引起。两种啮齿动物传播的阴性RNA病毒属，沙粒病毒（沙粒病毒科）和汉坦病毒（布尼亚病毒科）由于其引起出血热或肺衰竭的潜力而被深入研究。除了在西非引起拉沙出血热的拉沙沙粒病毒外，对这些病毒在非洲的发生情况知之甚少。据推测，这两组病毒都与其宿主有很长的共同进化历史。然而，这一概念受到挑战，最近的观察表明优先宿主转换，这对病毒的出现有影响。考虑到超过1/4的所有当代鼠类物种估计生活在非洲，非洲的许多啮齿动物物种和亚种仍然缺乏特征，很明显，非洲是获得啮齿动物传播病毒及其宿主的地理分布和生物多样性新知识的首选大陆。本研究主要探讨以下问题：1.东非沙粒病毒和汉坦病毒的多样性、进化历史、宿主范围和地理分布是什么？2.病毒和宿主之间的进化关系是什么？病毒-宿主协同进化和宿主转换的作用是什么？3.我们能否在这两组病毒的进化史中发现宿主适应的特征？