Collaborative Proposal: Optimizing the Supply Chain for Cost and Carbon Footprint

该赠款资助供应链模型的开发，这些模型考虑到了最大限度地减少或限制碳排放的需要，同时也最大限度地降低了成本或利润。这些模型将在几个层面上考虑碳排放：（1）单一操作模型（例如，库存模型），（2）整合一系列运营模型的职能间模型（例如，位置，运输，采购和库存决策）在整个供应链在一个单一的公司和（3）公司间的职能模型，说明供应链内的公司之间的相互作用。开发的模型将是多目标的，使规划者能够探索成本和碳足迹之间的权衡。它们将允许检查公司参与的整个供应链活动范围内的碳排放量，而目前的做法往往侧重于单一业务中的碳排放量（例如，运输，而不是库存或生产）。这些模型还将考虑整个供应链的合作，以减少排放，并将捕捉同一供应链内公司之间的互动，因为一家公司的决策可能会对其他公司的成本和碳足迹产生重大影响。这些模型将被用来调查计划，分配碳足迹和相关的成本，供应链的成员公司之间，认识到不同的公司能力，以满足排放标准。它们还将用于调查不同监管政策对供应链绩效的影响，包括限额交易、碳税和碳抵消。 如果成功的话，这项研究（1）将提高我们对成本和排放之间关键权衡的理解，（2）将有助于我们在一系列供应链中减少碳排放的能力，（3）将确定协调机制和激励系统，在这些机制和激励系统下，公司自愿选择与其他公司合作减少碳排放，及（4）探讨各种规管政策的成效，并支持实施既能减少排放，又能减轻对供应链表现的影响的政策。

This grant funds the development of supply chain models that account for the need to minimize or restrict carbon emissions while also minimizing cost or maximizing profit. The models will account for carbon emissions at several levels: (1) single operation models (e.g., inventory models) at a single firm, (2) inter-functional models that integrate a range of operational models (e.g., location, transportation, sourcing and inventory decisions) across the supply chain at a single firm and (3) inter-company inter-functional models that account for the interaction between firms within the supply chain. The models developed will be multi-objective, allowing planners to explore the tradeoffs between cost and carbon footprint. They will allow the examination of carbon emissions across the entire spectrum of supply chain activities in which a firm engages, contrasting with current practice which tends to focus on carbon emissions in single operations (e.g., transportation but not inventory or production). The models will also account for collaboration across the supply chain to reduce emissions and will capture the interactions between firms within the same supply chain, as decisions made by one firm can significantly impact both the cost and carbon footprint at other firms. The models will be used to investigate schemes that allocate carbon footprint, and associated cost, among member firms of the supply chain, recognizing the differential capabilities of firms to meet emission standards. They will also be used to investigate the impact of different regulatory policies, including cap-and trade, carbon taxing, and carbon offsetting, on supply chain performance. If successful, this research (1) will enhance our understanding of key tradeoffs between costs and emissions, (2) will contribute to our ability to reduce carbon emissions across a range of supply chains, (3) will identify coordination mechanisms and incentives systems under which firms voluntarily choose to collaborate with other firms on carbon emission reductions, and (4) will explore the efficacy of various regulatory policies and support the implementation of policies that reduce emissions while mitigating the impact on supply chain performance.