Fire In the Arctic Landscape: Impacts, Interactions And Links To Global and Regional Environmental Change

北极地区的火灾：影响、相互作用以及与全球和区域环境变化的联系

• 批准号: 0856853
• 负责人: Gaius Shaver
• 金额: $ 91.17万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-15 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0856853&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fire; Arctic; Landscape; Impacts; Interactions

The 2007 Anaktuvuk River (AR) fire created a unique opportunity to observe the response of a pristine tundra landscape to a major disturbance. The area burned is large enough (1000 km2) that its impacts can be measured directly at multiple scales, from small plots, to small (first-order) catchments and hillslopes, to large (third-order) catchments, to the atmospheric boundary layer above the entire burn. As the burned area recovers over time, observations of changes in key ecosystem processes and in terrestrial and aquatic communities will afford insights into controls and interactions among system components that would not be possible from long-term observation of an undisturbed or unmanipulated tundra landscape. The AR fire also serves as a harbinger of future change in the arctic landscape and its interactions with the atmosphere, aquatic systems, and oceans as global climate continues to warm. It provides a standard of comparison with predictions of long-term response to disturbance and climate change, based on finer-scale, shorter-term experimental studies. Finally, because the area burned is so large, it provides an opportunity for measuring change at a scale that is directly relevant to large-area, PanArctic modeling and prediction. For all of these reasons, this project will strive to establish a long-term, multiscale, multidimensional program of observation, comparison, and analysis on the Anaktuvuk River fire. This will be done in a way that facilitates future, detailed process studies and long-term modeling and synthesis. The program will be sufficiently broadly-based to involve participation by a wide range of arctic researchers. Key components of the work include measurement of (1) surface C, water, and energy exchanges, (2) terrestrial organic matter, C, and element stocks, (3) terrestrial vegetation composition and structure, (4) lake and stream chemistry and water flow, (5) lake and stream community composition, and (6) evaluation of spectral reflectance measures of production, biomass, community composition, and burn impacts for use in scaling up to larger areas and for comparison with satellite- and airplane-based measures of reflectance.This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).

2007年Anaktuvuk河（AR）火灾创造了一个独特的机会来观察原始苔原景观对重大干扰的反应。烧毁的面积足够大（1000平方公里），其影响可以在多个尺度上直接测量，从小地块到小（一级）集水区和山坡，到大（三级）集水区，再到大气边界层整个燃烧。随着时间的推移，烧毁的地区恢复，在关键的生态系统过程和陆生和水生生物群落的变化的观察将提供深入了解控制和系统组件之间的相互作用，这将是不可能从长期观察一个不受干扰或未经处理的苔原景观。AR火灾也预示着北极景观的未来变化及其与大气，水生系统和海洋的相互作用，因为全球气候继续变暖。它提供了一个标准，用于与根据更精细、更短期的实验研究预测的对扰动和气候变化的长期反应进行比较。最后，由于被烧毁的面积如此之大，它提供了一个机会，可以在与大面积泛北极建模和预测直接相关的尺度上测量变化。由于所有这些原因，本项目将努力建立一个长期的，多尺度的，多维度的观察，比较和分析Anaktuvuk河火灾的计划。这将以一种有利于未来详细工艺研究和长期建模与综合的方式进行。该计划将有足够广泛的基础，以吸引广泛的北极研究人员参与。工作的关键组成部分包括测量（1）地表碳、水和能量交换，（2）陆地有机质、碳和元素储量，（3）陆地植被组成和结构，（4）湖泊和溪流化学和水流，（5）湖泊和溪流群落组成，以及（6）评估生产、生物量、群落组成的光谱反射率测量，和燃烧的影响，用于扩大到更大的地区，并与卫星和飞机为基础的反射率的措施进行比较。这个奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助。