Collaborative Research: Tracking Carbon, Water, and Energy Balance of the Arctic Landscape at Flagship Observatories in Alaska and Siberia

合作研究：阿拉斯加和西伯利亚旗舰天文台追踪北极景观的碳、水和能量平衡

基本信息

批准号：
1936769
负责人：
George Kling
金额：
$ 53万
依托单位：
Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-15 至 2025-06-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1936769&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Tracking Carbon Water

项目摘要

The Arctic is warming faster than other parts of the world and it has the potential to amplify global warming. The amplification comes from thawing permafrost (frozen soils) that release greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide and methane, that lead to additional warming, more thaw, and more greenhouse gases released. However, how fast the permafrost will thaw, how much greenhouse gas will be released, and how important gradual thaw is versus abrupt thaw caused by melting ground ice or floods, is unknown. This Arctic Observing Network research will document changes in permafrost thaw, greenhouse gas releases, and energy balance in terrestrial and freshwater systems in the Alaskan and Russian Arctic. Arctic ecosystems have seen an acceleration of permafrost thaw and greenhouse gas release to the atmosphere that may not be easily reversed. Further observations are required to determine the rates of change and potential impacts on climate to best inform society on what to expect and how to prepare. In addition to advancing understanding of environmental change, broader impacts of the research include contributions to teaching, learning, and outreach by including findings in school classrooms, support of undergraduate summer research, and outreach to Indigenous communities and K-12 schools in Alaska. Two communities in the Alaskan and Russian Arctic will learn to map methane bubbling hotspots that create dangerous ice, which will result in co-production of knowledge and improved safety for winter travelers. Other benefits to society include improved understanding of how permafrost thaw threatens roads and buildings, and how a thawing Arctic influences climate change at lower latitudes.This research will extend time-series data on carbon, water, and energy balance in four different tundra ecosystems in northern Alaska (year-round eddy covariance measured since 2007), and at two sites in Cherskii, Russia. The records already collected show evidence of recent change and tipping points, highlighting the value of supporting long-term measurements. In addition, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes measured by eddy covariance and ebullition will be monitored in a new thermokarst lake in Siberia, and ebullition will be measured on existing and new Alaskan and Siberian lakes mapped using remote sensing. Long-term monitoring of hydrology and stream chemistry of Imnavait Creek, Alaska, and depth of thaw in its catchment will be maintained and expanded. To help interpret these core data, the project will continue camera records of plant phenology and dates of snowmelt and snow return, harvests to assess plant biomass and net primary productivity, and analysis of soil properties and stocks of carbon and nitrogen. Permafrost boreholes will be instrumented near eddy covariance towers at Imnavait Creek and near the new lake in Cherskii. All data will continue to be made publicly available and archived with the Arctic Data Center, NSF-LTER Data Portal, and Ameriflux. Data collected by this project will be used extensively by other researchers and incorporated into other observing networks such as Ameriflux, the Phenocam Network, and other efforts including NASA projects and satellite campaigns. Research will also be disseminated though scientific publications and presentations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

北极的变暖比世界其他地区更快，它有可能放大全球变暖。扩增来自解冻的多年冻土（冷冻土壤），释放温室气体，尤其是二氧化碳和甲烷的温室气体，导致额外的变暖，更多解冻和更多的温室气体。但是，尚不清楚，多永久冻土将解冻多快，释放多少温室气体，以及逐渐解冻的重要性与由融化地面冰或洪水引起的突然解冻的重要性是未知的。这项北极观察网络研究将记录阿拉斯加和俄罗斯北极的陆地和淡水系统中多年冻土，温室气释放以及能量平衡的变化。北极生态系统已经看到了永久冻结融化和温室气体释放到大气中的加速，这可能不容易逆转。需要进一步的观察，以确定变化率和对气候的潜在影响，以最好地告知社会期望和准备方式。除了促进对环境变化的理解外，研究的更广泛影响还包括在学校教室中的发现，对本科夏季研究的支持以及对土著社区和阿拉斯加的K-12学校的推广，还包括对教学，学习和推广的贡献。阿拉斯加和俄罗斯北极的两个社区将学会绘制甲烷冒泡的热点，以产生危险的冰，这将导致知识共同生产和改善冬季旅行者的安全性。对社会的其他好处包括对永久冻结解冻如何威胁道路和建筑物的了解，以及解冻北极如何影响较低纬度的气候变化。这项研究将扩展有关碳，水和能源平衡的时间序列数据，在阿拉斯加北部北部的四个不同的苔原生态系统中（年度埃迪埃迪共同协调）（自2007年以来）和两次所在地，在2007年和群众中，在群众中进行了两次群众。这些记录已经收集到的记录显示了最近变化和转折点的证据，突出了支持长期测量的价值。此外，将在西伯利亚的一个新的Thermokarst湖中监测通过Eddy协方差和戒断测得的二氧化碳和甲烷通量，并将在现有的，新的阿拉斯加和西伯利亚湖泊中测量戒烟。对阿拉斯加的Imnavait Creek的水文学和流化学的长期监测以及融化深度将得到维护和扩展。为了帮助解释这些核心数据，该项目将继续摄像机记录植物物候和融雪和融雪的日期，收获以评估植物生物量和净初级生产率，并分析碳和氮的土壤特性和库存。永久冻土钻孔将在Imnavait Creek和Cherskii的新湖附近的Eddy协方差塔附近进行仪器。所有数据将继续公开提供，并与北极数据中心，NSF-ter数据门户和Ameriflux一起存档。该项目收集的数据将被其他研究人员广泛使用，并将其纳入其他观测网络，例如Ameriflux，The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the Ensovers，以及包括NASA项目和卫星运动。通过科学出版物和演讲，研究也将被传播。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评论标准来评估值得支持的。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Empirical Models for Predicting Water and Heat Flow Properties of Permafrost Soils

DOI：
10.1029/2020gl087646
发表时间：
2020-06
期刊：
Geophysical Research Letters
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
M. O'Connor;M. Cardenas;S. Ferencz;Yue Wu;B. Neilson;Jingyi Chen;G. Kling
通讯作者：
M. O'Connor;M. Cardenas;S. Ferencz;Yue Wu;B. Neilson;Jingyi Chen;G. Kling

Effects of long-term climate trends on the methane and CO2 exchange processes of Toolik Lake, Alaska

长期气候趋势对阿拉斯加图里克湖甲烷和二氧化碳交换过程的影响

DOI：
10.3389/fenvs.2022.948529
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Frontiers in Environmental Science
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Eugster, Werner;DelSontro, Tonya;Laundre, James A.;Dobkowski, Jason;Shaver, Gaius R.;Kling, George W.
通讯作者：
Kling, George W.

Active Layer Groundwater Flow: The Interrelated Effects of Stratigraphy, Thaw, and Topography