Next Generation Superprotonic Solid Acids

下一代超质子固体酸

• 批准号: 0906543
• 负责人: Sossina Haile
• 金额: $ 36.74万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0906543&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Next; Generation; Superprotonic; Solid; Acids

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).TECHNICAL SUMMARYThe goal of this research is to advance the science of solid acid proton conductors, where solid acid compounds can be described generically as MnHm(XO4)p with M = alkali metal, alkaline earth, or even rare earth, and X = S, P, Si, Se, As or Ge. A major part of the effort will focus on exploratory synthesis to develop new compounds with the desired characteristics of insolubility in water, stability against chemical reduction, and high (or super-) protonic conductivity even at room temperature. A superprotonic conductor exhibits rapid reorientation of XO4 anion groups as the mechanism of proton transport. Hydrothermal and related synthesis routes will be utilized to prepare hypothesized phosphate and silicate analogs to known sulfate (and selenate) solid acids with high conductivity. The decomposition/dehydration behavior of new and known superprotonic solid acids will further be determined via thermal gravimetric analysis under high (up to 0.6 atm) water partial pressures to temperatures of 300 °C. From these studies not only can fuel cell operation conditions be established, but also fundamental thermodynamic quantities (formation enthalpies and entropies). These terms can, in turn, be used to systematically evaluate the role of hydrogen bond formation on compound stabilization. Simultaneously, a novel electrochemical test configuration will be employed to probe electrochemical reaction pathways on metal electrodes used with solid acid fuel cells, with the ultimate goal of eliminating Pt. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYThe goals of this research are to (1) develop new proton conducting materials for fuel cell applications and (2) understand fuel cell reaction pathways so as to ultimately eliminate precious metals from fuel cell designs. The significance of successful disovery of electrolyte materials with the characteristics targetted in this work on energy technologies cannot be overstated. Solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs) operate in a temperature regime (150-300°C) that is unexplored and as such create opportunities for new modes of fuel cell operation. Ultimately, Pt-free fuel cell systems without the extreme temperatures of solid oxide fuel cells may be possible. Commercial development of SAFCs is moving rapidly (under the auspices of the spin-off Superprotonic, Inc.), however, next-generation, truly robust materials are required in order to fully realize the potential benefits of solid acid electrolytes. In addition to new materials development, these comprehensive studies will help to clarify the chemical and structural bases for superprotonic transitions and the overall role of hydrogen bonds in stabilizing compounds. The breadth of tools to be utilized, the relative ease with which the materials can be synthesized, and the high level of public interest in energy technologies, renders this an ideal system for training future leaders in materials chemistry and its application to societally relevant problems. Such training will be specifically achieved through participation in this research by undegraduate, graduate and post-doctoral researchers, as well as through outreach activities for K-12 students.

该奖项是根据2009年的《美国恢复和再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。技术总结这项研究的目的是推进固体酸质子导体的科学，在该科学中，固体酸化合物可以通常将MNHM（XO4）P具有M = M = M =碱金属，酒精的地球，甚至x = S = S = S = SI，或SI，SI，SI，SI，SI，SI，SI，或SI，或SI，这项工作的主要部分将集中于探索性合成，以开发具有缺水，抗化学降低的稳定性以及在室温下的高（或超级）质子电导率的新化合物。超原子导体表现出XO4阴离子基团作为质子转运机理的快速关系。水热和相关的合成途径将用于使假设的磷酸盐和有机硅类似物与已知的硫酸盐（和硒酸盐）固体酸一样，具有较高的电导率。新的和已知的超原始固体固体的分解/脱水行为将通过在高温下（高达0.6 atm）下的热量分析来进一步确定300°C的温度。从这些研究中，不仅可以建立燃料电池操作条件，还可以建立基本的热力学量（形成焓和熵）。这些术语又可以系统地同时评估角色，将进行新的电化学测试构型，以探测与固体酸燃料电池使用的金属电极上的电化学反应途径，这是消除PT的最终目标。非技术总结本研究的目标是（1）开发用于燃料电池应用的新质子导电材料，（2）了解燃料电池反应途径，以最终从燃料电池设计中消除贵金属。在这项工作中针对能量技术的特征的电解质材料成功排除的意义不能被夸大。固体酸燃料电池（SAFC）在温度状态（150-300°C）中运行，因此为新的燃料电池运行方式创造了机会。最终，无PT的燃料电池系统可能不具有固体氧化物燃料电池的极端温度。 SAFC的商业开发正在迅速移动（在衍生产品的主持下），但是，为了充分实现固体酸电解质的潜在益处，需要下一代，真正健壮的材料。除了新材料的开发外，这些全面的研究还将有助于阐明超原子过渡的化学和结构碱基以及氢键在稳定化合物中的总体作用。要利用的工具的广度，可以合成材料的相对容易性以及对能源技术的公共兴趣的高水平，这使得这是培训未来材料化学领域的未来领导者及其在社会相关问题上的理想系统。这种培训将通过参与这项研究的专门，研究生和博士后研究人员以及K-12学生的宣传活动来实现。