Collaborative Research: An integrated experimental and observational study of cosmic silicate astromineralogy

合作研究：宇宙硅酸盐天体矿物学的综合实验和观测研究

• 批准号: 0908309
• 负责人: Anne Hofmeister
• 金额: $ 12.16万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0908309&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; integrated; experimental; observational

AST-0908302/0908309 Speck/Hofmeister This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Silicate dust is an important component of many astrophysical environments. Spectral features due to "amorphous" silicates have been observed in diverse settings ranging from our solar system and the atmospheres of comets, to the circumstellar ejecta of dying stars, to the environments of active galactic nuclei. Dust plays an essential role in star formation processes, and contributes to several aspects of interstellar processes such as gas heating and the formation of molecules. Since mass-loss from evolved stars is radiation driven, it is intimately linked to the precise nature of the circumstellar dust. However, the effects of composition and structure on the spectra from dust are poorly constrained, leading to ambiguities in interpretation. This project will investigate the laboratory infrared spectra and glass transition temperatures of "amorphous" silicate minerals, providing the necessary spectral and physical property data to constrain dust models. These data will allow a better understanding of the conditions under which various silicates form and are processed in many astrophysical environments, including dying stars of all masses, young stellar objects, and the interstellar medium. A series of laboratory investigations will explore the variation in spectral signatures of well-characterized suites of pyroxenes and melilites, including changes due to solid-solution behavior and variable iron oxidation state. A key outcome will be to determine whether grain types such as glasses, polycrystalline samples, and glass-crystallite mixtures, can in fact be distinguished spectroscopically. The work will provide physical data for silicate glasses and melts, such as glass transition temperature and heat capacity, giving a better understanding of the conditions under which various silicates form and are processed, and the effect of transient heating events. The results will then be used to study the mineralogy of the ejecta of asymptotic giant branch and red supergiant stars, gaining insight into competing dust formation mechanisms, and to find the formation sites of interstellar silicates by testing whether they are glassy or poly-crystalline. This is a cross-disciplinary study involving an astrophysicist, a mineral physicist and an experimental petrologist. The data to be collected are important for studies of silicate melts, which pertain to magmatism on terrestrial planets, and not insignificantly to the glass industry. The cross-fertilization of ideas and techniques provides a broad, interdisciplinary education for the involved graduate students, expanding horizons and promoting thinking outside the box. The female PIs (an under-represented group) are strong role models for women in these fields, and active mentors to younger researchers.

AST-0908302/0908309 Speck/Hofmeister 该奖项由 2009 年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法 111-5）资助。硅酸盐尘埃是许多天体物理环境的重要组成部分。人们在不同的环境中观察到由“无定形”硅酸盐引起的光谱特征，从太阳系和彗星的大气层，到垂死恒星的星周喷射物，再到活跃星系核的环境。尘埃在恒星形成过程中起着至关重要的作用，并有助于星际过程的多个方面，例如气体加热和分子形成。由于演化恒星的质量损失是辐射驱动的，因此它与星周尘埃的精确性质密切相关。然而，成分和结构对尘埃光谱的影响很少受到限制，导致解释含糊不清。该项目将研究“非晶”硅酸盐矿物的实验室红外光谱和玻璃化转变温度，为约束灰尘模型提供必要的光谱和物理性质数据。这些数据将有助于更好地了解各种硅酸盐在许多天体物理环境中形成和加工的条件，包括所有质量的垂死恒星、年轻的恒星物体和星际介质。一系列实验室研究将探索特征明确的辉石和黄长石组光谱特征的变化，包括由于固溶体行为和可变铁氧化态引起的变化。一个关键的结果将是确定玻璃、多晶样品和玻璃微晶混合物等颗粒类型实际上是否可以通过光谱来区分。这项工作将为硅酸盐玻璃和熔体提供物理数据，例如玻璃化转变温度和热容，从而更好地了解各种硅酸盐形成和加工的条件，以及瞬态加热事件的影响。研究结果将用于研究渐近巨星分支和红超巨星喷射物的矿物学，深入了解竞争性尘埃形成机制，并通过测试星际硅酸盐是玻璃态还是多晶态来找到星际硅酸盐的形成地点。这是一项跨学科研究，涉及天体物理学家、矿物物理学家和实验岩石学家。要收集的数据对于硅酸盐熔体的研究非常重要，硅酸盐熔体与类地行星上的岩浆作用有关，对玻璃工业也同样重要。思想和技术的交叉融合为所涉及的研究生提供了广泛的跨学科教育，扩​​大了视野并促进了跳出框框的思维。女性 PI（代表性不足的群体）是这些领域女性的强有力的榜样，也是年轻研究人员的积极导师。