Sputtering, Radiolysis, and Photolysis: Physical Mechanisms in Astrophysical Environments

溅射、辐射分解和光解：天体物理环境中的物理机制

• 批准号: 0908378
• 负责人: Robert Johnson
• 金额: $ 18.3万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0908378&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sputtering; Radiolysis; Photolysis; Physical; Mechanisms

AST-0908378JohnsonMagnetospheric and solar wind ions and electrons, UV photons, X-rays and cosmic ray ions alter materials in the solar system as well as in other astrophysical environments. The chemistry induced by photons (photolysis) and by charged particles (radiolysis) relates to the production of gas-phase species (called desorption or sputtering). Incident radiation contributes to the ambient gas observed in giant planet magnetospheres, in regions of the interstellar medium, and around young stellar objects. Observations of neutrals and ions can therefore give information on the materials present in environments such as the oxygen atmosphere over Saturn's main rings and grains in Saturn's magnetosphere, and the surfaces and atmospheres of Europa and Ganymede. The possibility of a sub-surface ocean on Europa makes it all the more important to describe the radiolytic production of oxidants in its relatively young surface. This project will build practical models using the latest computational tools in materials science, so as to use gas or plasma observations to determine the composition of materials embedded in a radiation environment. Work will focus on the commonality of the physical and chemical processes occurring in a number of space environments.The research will impact the physics and chemistry of the radiation-induced processing of materials, and affects the teaching of introductory materials science. The cross-disciplinary program also has interactions with neighboring undergraduate institutions and high schools that primarily serve minority populations.

约翰森磁层和太阳风离子和电子、紫外线光子、X射线和宇宙射线离子会改变太阳系以及其他天体物理环境中的物质。由光子(光解)和带电粒子(辐射分解)引起的化学与气相物质的产生(称为解吸或溅射)有关。入射辐射对在巨行星磁层、星际介质区域和年轻恒星周围观察到的环境气体有贡献。因此，对中性粒子和离子的观测可以提供有关环境中存在的物质的信息，例如土星主环和土星磁层中的颗粒上方的氧气大气，以及木卫二和木卫三的表面和大气。木卫二上存在次表层海洋的可能性使得描述其相对年轻表面上的氧化剂的辐射分解产物变得更加重要。该项目将使用材料科学中最新的计算工具建立实用的模型，以便使用气体或等离子体观测来确定嵌入在辐射环境中的材料的组成。这项工作将集中在一些空间环境中发生的物理和化学过程的共性。这项研究将影响辐射诱导材料加工的物理和化学，并影响材料科学入门课程的教学。这个跨学科的项目还与邻近的本科院校和主要为少数族裔人口服务的高中进行了互动。