Estimating Frictional Properties of Faults from Geodetic Data
根据大地测量数据估计断层的摩擦特性
基本信息
- 批准号:0911467
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 12.1万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2009-07-15 至 2012-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)Large faults that generate earthquakes exhibit a wide range of slip behaviors including stick-slip motion resulting in episodic earthquakes, stable and steady sliding without fast earthquake slip, and oscillatory or non-steady slip sliding without earthquakes. This range in slip behaviors can be understood and modeled through the application of friction laws derived from laboratory sliding experiments with natural or synthetic rock samples. The friction parameters obtained from these experiments are implemented in numerical models of faults imbedded in the earth in order to predict the slip behavior of faults. Small changes in the friction parameters implemented in these models can lead to dramatically different sliding behaviors. For example, small changes in parameters can change from stick-slip, earthquake producing slip behavior to steady, stable sliding behavior without earthquakes. Knowledge of the distribution of these parameters on faults is therefore essential for earthquake hazard assessment. The object of this work is to use measurements of motions of the Earth?s surface near faults to infer friction parameters on faults. Measurements from the Hayward fault in the eastern San Francisco Bay Area and from the San Andreas fault near San Juan Bautista will be compared with numerical models of fault slip. Data from these locations recorded transient slip episodes on the faults triggered by distant earthquakes. Also, various existing methodologies for modeling fault creep will be systematically examined to assess the influence of simplifying assumptions on model inferences and therefore provider a clearer understanding of how well the frictional properties of faults can be resolved using such approaches.Models incorporating rate-state friction have been remarkably successful in explaining a wide range of observations reflecting the nature of fault slip including afterslip, decay rates of aftershocks, episodic slip at subduction zones, spontaneous silent earthquakes, as well as general features of the earthquake cycle. Numerical studies invoking rate-state friction employ laboratory-derived friction parameters which are often assumed, for simplicity, to vary only with depth. It remains unclear to what extent the laboratory friction values are relevant to real faults.
该奖项由2009年美国恢复和再投资法案(公法111-5)资助,产生地震的大型断层表现出广泛的滑动行为,包括导致间歇性地震的粘滑运动,没有快速地震滑动的稳定和稳定滑动,以及没有地震的振荡或非稳定滑动。滑移行为的这一范围可以通过应用摩擦定律来理解和模拟,这些摩擦定律是由天然或合成岩石样品的实验室滑动实验得出的。这些实验获得的摩擦参数被实施在埋藏在地球上的断层的数值模型中,以预测断层的滑动行为。在这些模型中实现的摩擦参数的微小变化可以导致显著不同的滑动行为。例如,参数的微小变化可以从粘滑、地震产生的滑动行为转变为稳定、稳定的无地震滑动行为。因此,了解这些参数在断层上的分布对于地震危险性评估是至关重要的。这项工作的目的是利用S地表在断层附近的运动测量来推断断层上的摩擦参数。旧金山湾区东部的海沃德断层和圣胡安鲍蒂斯塔附近的圣安德烈亚斯断层的测量结果将与断层滑动的数值模型进行比较。这些地点的数据记录了远距离地震引发的断层的瞬时滑动事件。此外,还将系统地检查各种现有的断层蠕变模拟方法,以评估简化假设对模型推断的影响,从而更清楚地了解使用这些方法可以更好地解决断层的摩擦性质。考虑了速率状态摩擦的模型在解释反映断层滑动性质的广泛观测方面非常成功,包括余滑、余震的衰减率、俯冲带的幕式滑动、无声地震以及地震周期的一般特征。引用速率状态摩擦的数值研究使用了实验室得出的摩擦参数,为了简单起见,这些参数通常被假设为只随深度变化。目前尚不清楚实验室摩擦力值与真实断层的相关性有多大。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Kaj Johnson其他文献
Safer Sunscreens: Investigation of Naturally Derived UV Absorbers for Potential Use in Consumer Products
更安全的防晒霜:研究天然衍生的紫外线吸收剂在消费品中的潜在用途
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2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:8.4
- 作者:
Aubri J. Thompson;W. Hart;Julia C. Cunniffe;Kaj Johnson;W. Orts - 通讯作者:
W. Orts
Antifungal efficacy of octylgallate and 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol for control of Aspergillus
没食子酸辛酯和 4-异丙基-3-甲基苯酚控制曲霉菌的抗真菌功效
- DOI:
10.7243/2052-6180-4-2 - 发表时间:
2016 - 期刊:
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Jong H. Kim;W. Hart;K. Chan;Luisa W Cheng;W. Orts;Kaj Johnson - 通讯作者:
Kaj Johnson
Predicting environmental biodegradability using initial rates: mineralization of cellulose, guar and their semisynthetic derivatives in wastewater and soil
使用初始速率预测环境生物降解性:废水和土壤中纤维素、瓜尔胶及其半合成衍生物的矿化
- DOI:
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2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.2
- 作者:
W. Hart;Nabeel Kalla;A. Klamczynski;Lennard Torres;G. Glenn;Julia Cunniffe;Kaj Johnson;W. Orts - 通讯作者:
W. Orts
Kaj Johnson的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Kaj Johnson', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: GEMT: Bridging Multiple Time Scales of Erosion and Rock Uplift in Taiwan
合作研究:GEMT:弥合台湾侵蚀和岩石隆升的多个时间尺度
- 批准号:
2123412 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Toward an integrated modeling framework for physics-based estimates of megathrust rupture potential
合作研究:建立基于物理的巨型逆冲破裂潜力估计的综合建模框架
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2121631 - 财政年份:2021
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$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Vertical signatures of lithospheric deformation in the western US
合作研究:美国西部岩石圈变形的垂直特征
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2045291 - 财政年份:2021
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$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
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Collaborative Research: RAPID: Using the M6.4-7.1 Ridgecrest, CA Earthquake sequence to test a postseismic stress evolution monitoring system
合作研究:RAPID:使用加利福尼亚州里奇克莱斯特 M6.4-7.1 地震序列测试震后应力演化监测系统
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1944292 - 财政年份:2019
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$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Probing the frictional behavior of the Tohoku megathrust using GPS, seismicity, and physics-based models
合作研究:利用 GPS、地震活动和基于物理的模型探索东北巨型逆冲断层的摩擦行为
- 批准号:
1620507 - 财政年份:2016
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$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Beyond elastic rebound: extracting permanent strain from interseismic deformation
超越弹性回弹:从震间变形中提取永久应变
- 批准号:
1520266 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Geodetic Constraints on Moment Deficit and Physics-based Earthquake Cycle Models in the Source Region of the M 9 Tohoku, Japan Earthquake
合作研究:日本东北9级地震震源区矩差的大地测量约束和基于物理的地震周期模型
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1141832 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Kinematic and Dynamic Models of Actively Deforming Lithosphere of the Western US
美国西部岩石圈主动变形的运动学和动力学模型
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0952280 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Utilizing GPS Measurements of Postseismic Deformation to Infer Spatial Distribution of Frictional Properties on Faults
合作研究:利用震后变形的 GPS 测量来推断断层摩擦特性的空间分布
- 批准号:
0635741 - 财政年份:2007
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$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
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Toward Dynamic Models of Contemporary Plate Boundary Deformation with Application to the Taiwan Collision Zone
当代板块边界变形动态模型及其在台湾碰撞带中的应用
- 批准号:
0609620 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 12.1万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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