HCC: Small: Perceiving and Enacting Actions in Simulated Environments: The Role of Perceptual Motor Features and Individual Differences

该研究项目的长期实际目标是开发模拟训练环境，使其与现实世界中感知和制定行动的约束相匹配。模拟环境在许多方面与真实环境不同。特别是，在这些环境中，感知和运动特征存在显著差异。具身认知科学的进步不断证明，身体及其所处的环境是如何与心灵紧密相连的，它们共同构成了一个复杂的感知和行动系统。本研究的核心问题是确定在模拟训练环境中促进感知和制定行动的条件，包括以下问题：(a)高保真模拟环境和感知运动信号信号风险是否是提高训练有效性的必要因素；（二）工作表现压力是否训练模式的必要组成部分；(c)身体与训练环境互动的必要性；(d)感知和行动的个体差异对模拟环境训练效果的影响程度。本研究项目还开始研究语言中选择性地关注特定概念成分的编码事件是否可以作为引导视觉注意的有效机制。模拟环境将以真实世界事件为模型，并将改变用户控制程度和沉浸程度。研究参与者的眼球运动将被记录下来，标记一个有意义的事件结束和另一个事件开始的时间，通过识别正确的身体运动来执行感知心理模拟任务，或者操纵用户控制的模拟环境。这个研究项目调查了由于模拟环境和现实世界的差异，人们是如何自发地从事更冒险的行为的，是否给人们施加一些压力对于在模拟环境中成功训练是至关重要的，以及与模拟环境进行何种类型的物理交互对于最佳表现是必不可少的。这项研究还调查了认知能力和人格类型的差异是否会影响模拟环境中的表现。本项目使用多种方法，试图了解模拟环境中的维度训练可以有效地转移到现实世界的实践中。这项研究推动了心理学、计算机科学、机器人和人机交互领域的感知和制定行动的前沿。这些结果将形成一个经验基础，促进在模拟世界中改进训练方法的发展。改进模拟世界的训练和建模设计在我们社会的许多领域越来越重要，包括：对教育，军事，执法和应急组织培训的影响；为更好地治疗残疾人或有特殊需要的人群创造智能环境；娱乐产业和艺术。

The long-term practical objective of this research project is to develop simulated training environments that mesh with the constraints of perceiving and enacting actions in the real world. Simulated environments differ from real environments in a number of aspects. In particular, there are significant differences in perceptual and motor features between these environments. Advances in embodied cognitive science have consistently demonstrated how the body, and the environment which it inhabits, are tightly coupled with the mind, and together they form a complex system for perception and action. The central questions being investigated in this research involve identifying the conditions that promote perceiving and enacting actions in simulated training environments, and include questions such as: (a) whether high fidelity simulation environments and perceptual motor cues signaling risk are necessary ingredients to enhance training effectiveness; (b) whether performance pressure is a necessary component in training paradigms; (c) the extent to which bodily interactivity with the training environment is necessary; and (d) the extent to which individual differences in perception and action contribute to training effectiveness of simulated environments. This research project also begins to investigate whether encoding events in language that selectively focus on particular conceptual components can be used as an effective mechanism to guide visual attention. Simulation environments will be modeled after real world events, and will vary the degree of user control and level of immersion. Research participants will have their eye movements recorded, mark off when a meaningful event ends and another begins, perform perceptual mental simulation tasks by identifying the correct bodily movements, or manipulate user controlled simulation environments. This research project investigates how people spontaneously engage in riskier behaviors due to differences between simulated environments and the real world, whether putting people under some pressure is critical for successful training in simulated environments, and what type of physical interactivity with simulated environments is essential for optimal performance. This research also investigates whether differences in cognitive abilities and personality types have effects on performance in simulated environments. This project uses multiple methods in an attempt to understand along which dimensions training in simulated environments can effectively transfer to real world practice. This research pushes forward the frontiers of perceiving and enacting actions in psychology, computer science, robotics, and human computer interactions. The results will form an empirical basis promoting the development of improved methods for training in simulated worlds. Improved designs of simulated worlds for training and modeling are increasingly important in many areas of our society including: impacts in education, military, law enforcement and emergency response organization training; smart environments for the better treatment of disabled or special needs populations; and entertainment industries and the arts.