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MSB: Do cheaters ever win? Examining microbial competition and extracellular enzyme production

MSB：作弊者会赢吗？

基本信息

批准号：
0919157
负责人：
Steven Allison
金额：
$ 13.5万
依托单位：
University of California-Irvine
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-08-01 至 2011-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0919157&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
MSB Do cheaters ever win

项目摘要

Microorganisms are highly diverse and perform critical functions in all ecosystems. One of these functions is the cycling of carbon and nutrients from dead plants and animals back into forms that living organisms can use. Microbes catalyze this process by producing extracellular enzymes that operate outside the cell and release small molecules that serve as a food source. However, enzyme production is expensive, and evolution may favor microbes that ?cheat? by intercepting resources from their neighbors without paying the cost of enzyme production. The aim of this project is to determine whether cheater microbes can outcompete enzyme producers, and whether competition depends on environmental factors. The researchers will address this question with Pseudomonas bacteria and bacterial isolates from the ocean.This project is important because global carbon and nutrient cycles depend on microbial enzyme producers. Extracellular enzymes supply nutrients to crop plants, forests, and marine plankton that support land and ocean food webs. If human activities alter microbial communities in ways that promote cheater microbes, these critical functions could be affected. Enzyme production also controls the fraction dead plant and animal carbon that returns to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Therefore, the results from this research could help predict future concentrations of greenhouse gases.

微生物种类繁多，在所有生态系统中发挥着重要作用。其中一项功能是将死去的植物和动物体内的碳和营养物质循环成生物体可以利用的形式。微生物通过产生细胞外酶来催化这一过程，这种酶在细胞外起作用，并释放出作为食物来源的小分子。然而，酶的生产是昂贵的，进化可能更倾向于那些“欺骗”微生物。通过从它们的邻居那里截获资源而不支付生产酶的成本。该项目的目的是确定作弊微生物是否能够胜过酶生产者，以及竞争是否取决于环境因素。研究人员将用假单胞菌和从海洋中分离的细菌来解决这个问题。这个项目很重要，因为全球碳和营养循环依赖于微生物酶生产者。细胞外酶为农作物、森林和海洋浮游生物提供营养，支持陆地和海洋食物网。如果人类活动以促进作弊微生物的方式改变微生物群落，这些关键功能可能会受到影响。酶的生产还控制着以二氧化碳形式返回大气的植物和动物死亡碳的比例。因此，这项研究的结果可以帮助预测未来温室气体的浓度。