Planning and Design for the Subsurface Imaging and Sensing Experiments at the DUSEL

智者的功绩：“地缘是深厚的地球。”虽然科学家可以成像深空和恒星的形成，但目前还没有工具来成像地球几十米深的地方。现在需要的是哈勃望远镜直达地球，而不是远离地球，这是一种对地球内部进行高分辨率成像的工具。通过这一奖项，地下成像和传感团队将开发、组合和改进必要的科学，以在南达科他州Homestake矿的深层地下科学和工程实验室(DUSEL)设施所需的许多尺度上对地球进行成像，利用这些能力来了解岩石和岩体，并将这些发现转化为工程工具。该团队使用的所有地球探测方法都严重依赖于反演方法，因为收集的数据并不直接测量感兴趣的物理量。拟议的一套实验结合了许多方法的力量，为必要的反转提供了强有力的约束，并使图像变得更清晰。Homestake地雷提供了独特的设施，使这种多尺度、多物理的运动得以发生。在研究开始之前，项目组将为所需的基础设施和安全程序制定详细的设计。基础设施只是庞大的杜塞尔工程的一小部分，需要一份完整的工作分解结构文档。将举办几次讲习班，其中两次是为了扩大项目小组的参与，让更多的社区参与Dusel项目，还有三次讲习班/设计会议在Lead的Homestake矿举行，为整个设计过程提供真正的细节和确定性。该天文台通过桑福德科学和教育中心，在国际和平研究所为他在杜塞尔正在进行的NSF支持的项目“迈向一个透明的地球”所进行的初步接触的基础上，将为所有利益攸关方--K-12学生和教师、每年通过黑山的数十万游客、高等教育中代表性不足的群体以及普通学生群体--提供终身学习体验。通过南达科他州矿业和技术学院、SDSTA和附近的部落大学开展的外联活动正在变得深入和实质性。当地公民将扮演特殊的角色。在铅矿地区，存在着一大堆关于霍姆斯塔克矿的知识，这些知识永远无法与之相提并论，也就是说，许多人一生中的大部分时间都在该矿工作。一支由退休的Homestake矿工组成的团队将是该项目的关键部分，以帮助使设计和规划优化、现实和安全。除了直接对岩石行为的成像外，天文台还有许多技术影响，如：(1)地下和矿山安全--更多的定量方法来快速定位矿山内潜在的动态岩石破裂将会产生立竿见影的效果；(2)地下设施的国土安全--利用相互作用推导出探测和表征地下结构和活动的方法，并研究与怀俄明州煤炭开采活动有关的爆炸，以此作为核监测的贡献；(3)全球地震学--利用阵列的位置和深度来评估远程地震震相的最大频率成分。

Intellectual Merit: "Geo is deep earth." While scientists can image deep space and the formation of stars, at present tools do not exist to image even tens of meters into the earth. What is needed is a Hubble telescope into, not away from, the earth - a tool for high resolution imaging of the Earth's interior. Through this award, the Subsurface Imaging and Sensing team will develop, combine, and refine the science necessary to image the earth at the many scales required for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) facility at the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, to use these abilities to gain understanding of rock and rock mass, and to leverage these discoveries into engineering tools. All the earth interrogation methods used by the team rely heavily on inversion methods because the data collected do not directly measure the physical quantity of interest. The proposed suite of experiments combines the power of many methodologies to provide strong constraints on the necessary inversions, and to bring images into sharper focus. The Homestake Mine provides the unique facility which allows this multi-scale and multi-physics campaign to happen. Prior to research commencing, the project team will develop a detailed design for the needed infrastructure and safety procedures. Infrastructure is only one small piece of the massive DUSEL undertaking, and requires a complete a work breakdown structure document. Several workshops will be held, two in order to broaden participation in the project team and involve more of the community in the DUSEL undertaking, and three workshops/design meets at the Homestake mine in Lead to provide real detail and certitude for the overall design process.Broader Impacts: The Subsurface Imaging and Sensing experiments will have two types of impact - societal and technical. Building on the initial contacts made by the PI for his ongoing NSF-supported project at DUSEL, "Towards a Transparent Earth," the observatory, through the Sanford Science and Education Center, will provide a lifelong learning experience for all stakeholders - K-12 students and teachers, the hundreds of thousands of visitors passing through the Black Hills annually, underrepresented groups in higher education, and the general student population. Outreach through the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, the SDSTA, and near-by tribal colleges, is becoming deep and substantive. Local citizens will have a special role. There exists in the Lead area a body of knowledge about the Homestake mine that will never be equaled, i.e., the many people who have spent a good part of their lives working in the mine. A team of retired Homestake miners will be a key part of the project, to help make the design and planning optimal, realistic and safe. There are many technical implications of the observatory beyond direct imaging of rock behavior, such as: (1) Underground and Mine Safety - more quantitative methods to quickly locate potential dynamic rock failure within the mine will be an immediate benefit, (2) Homeland Security of Underground Facilities - use reciprocity to derive methods to detect and characterize underground structures and activity, and study explosions associated with coal mining activity in Wyoming as contribution to nuclear monitoring, and (3) Global Seismology - take advantage of location and depth of array to assess maximum frequency content of teleseismic phases.