Collaborative Research: Towards the Transparent Earth

该项目将安装和运行一个永久性地震观测站，从所有六个可能的方向照亮Homestake Mine DUSEL站点的体积。我们选择Homestake地点是因为它提供了一个独特的机会-北美最深的矿山的大量矿山工作被数百个露天钻孔包围和下面，这些钻孔可以负担得起使用加速度计的仪器。该项目利用了南达科他州的3200万美元，以及慈善家桑福德（Sanford）目前投资的2000万美元，用于重新开放霍姆斯特克矿，用于研究和教育。该提议得到了劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室（LBNL）的大力支持，该实验室提供了两位领先的地震学家的研究工作、地震仪器和技术支持。地震阵列将使研究人员能够对岩体的快速动态变化进行成像。近期目标是：1)对矿井脱水过程中有效应力变化引起的岩石运动学进行声学监测；2)对施工和准备矿井开放所需的其他活动引起的事件进行声学监测；3)随着设施的增加，为更大规模的监测准备基础设施。特别是，天文台将估计与即将开始的大规模脱水作业、挖掘工作和各种岩石力学实验有关的事件的地震参数，并估计由矿山内部或附近的自然活动引起的震源运动学。给定由阵列确定的事件损伤位置，可以对岩体进行反向开挖，从而在岩体中找到损伤源。一旦发现，就可以在破坏过程和产生的地震波之间建立直接联系。随着对记录的地震波形的物理意义的了解的增加，操作人员将能够评估实验室区域以及长时间封闭的地下区域设施的岩石力学健康状况，而无需主动进入可能危险的空间-地下和矿山安全。此外，利用周围阵列可以大大提高我们对地下结构和活动的探测和表征能力-地下设施的安全与探测。自朝鲜战争结束以来，这一直是我们军队和边境防御的目标。作为SDSTA的一部分，这个天文台将为所有利益相关者提供终身学习的经验- K-12学生和教师，每年成千上万的游客通过黑山，高等教育中代表性不足的群体，以及普通学生群体。通过南达科塔矿业与技术学院、南达科塔科学与技术管理局和附近的部落学院，天文台的外展将是深入而实质性的。其中两所学院已经与SDSM&amp；T密切合作，并已成为部落科学和数学教育的领导者。K-12访客计划将与暑期教师课程相结合，在暑期教师课程中，感兴趣的教师将在适当的水平上了解地下科学，为他们提供以后向学生解释科学所需的背景知识。

This project will install and operate a permanent seismic observatory illuminating the volume of the Homestake Mine DUSEL site from all six possible directions. We have chosen the Homestake site because it offers a unique opportunity - the large volume of mine working of the deepest mine in North America is surrounded and underlain by literally hundreds of open bore holes, which can affordably be instrumented with accelerometers. The project leverages the $32 million the State of South Dakota, and the $20 million the philanthropist Sanford are presently investing in reopening the Homestake Mine for research and education. The proposal brings strong backing from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), which is providing the research efforts of two leading seismologists, seismic instrumentation, and technical support.The seismic array will allow the community to image rapid dynamic changes in the rock mass. The near term goals are 1) acoustically monitoring the rock kinematics due to effective stress change during the mine dewatering, 2) acoustically monitoring events due to construction and other activities needed to ready the mine for opening, 3) prepare the infrastructure for larger-scale monitoring as the facility ramps up. In particular, the observatory will estimate the seismic parameters of events associated with the massive dewatering operation about to begin, excavation work, and various rock mechanics experiments, and estimate source kinematics caused by natural activity within or near the mine. Given the damage location of the event determined by the array, the rock mass can be back-excavated to find the source damage in the rocks. When found, a direct connection can be made between the damage process and seismic waves generated. As the understanding of the physical meaning of the recorded seismic waveforms increases, the operators will be able to assess the rock mechanics health of the facility in the laboratory areas, as well as in areas of the underground that are closed off for extended periods of time, without active entering of the possibly dangerous space - underground and mine safety. In addition, the surrounding array can be used to greatly improve our ability to detect and characterize underground structures and activity - security and detection of underground facilities. This has been a goal of our military and border defense since the end of the Korean war.As part of SDSTA, this observatory will provide a lifelong learning experience for all stakeholders - K-12 students and teachers, the hundreds of thousands of visitors passing through the Black Hills annually, under-represented groups in higher education, and the general student population. The observatory's outreach, through the South Dakota School of Mining and Technology, the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, and near-by tribal colleges, will be deep and substantive. Two of these colleges already work closely with SDSM&T, and have become leaders in tribal science and mathematics education. The K-12 visitor programs will be coupled with summer teacher courses in which interested teachers are introduced to underground science at an appropriate level, providing them with the background they need to later explain the science to their students.