Collaborative Research: New Chemo- and Biostratigraphic Framework for the Lower Triassic of the Western U.S.: Towards a high-resolution understanding of Early Triassic events
合作研究:美国西部下三叠世的新化学和生物地层框架:对早三叠世事件的高分辨率理解
基本信息
- 批准号:0921127
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 20.92万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2009-10-01 至 2012-09-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Collaborative Research: New Chemo- and Biostratigraphic Framework forthe Lower Triassic of the Western U.S.: Towards a high-resolutionunderstanding of Early Triassic eventsPedro Marenco, UC Riverside, EAR-0921127Margaret Fraiser, Univ. Wisconsin, Milwaukee, EAR-0920894Matthew Clapham, UC Santa Cruz, Ear-0918184 ABSTRACTThe cause of the end-Permian mass extinction remains controversial. However, some combination of CO2 or H2S toxicity and/or climate change, triggered or catalyzed by the eruption of the Siberian Traps, appears to be the most likely kill mechanism. The biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction has received less attention, despite the fact that the Early Triassic recovery was unusually long (~5m.y.) The occurrence of ?anachronistic facies? (e.g., seafloor precipitated crystals, subtidal stromatolite bioherms, and wrinkle structures), multiple carbon isotopic excursions, and elevated seawater sulfate sulfur isotopic values in Lower Triassic strata suggest a prolonged period of anomalous environmental conditions following the mass extinction that may have delayed the biotic recovery.Multiple lines of evidence imply that the Early Triassic was a time of elevated atmospheric CO2 most likely resulting from the extreme volcanism of the Siberian Traps. At the same time, metazoan reefs disappeared from the fossil record until the Middle Triassic, while calcifying marine invertebrates tended to be small. These observations and experimental work on living organisms have raised concerns about the ecological consequences of ocean acidification, in reef ecosystems in particular. Laboratory experiments with extant corals have demonstrated that as pH drops, corals survive as polyps without skeletons until pH returns to favorable levels. It has been suggested that similar ocean acidification during the Early Triassic inhibited growth of large calcareous shells, favoring small organisms, and prevented corals from forming skeletons. Thus, if the protracted recovery reflects a suppressed ecosystem due to elevated CO2 levels, Early Triassic communities may represent an ancient analog for the effects of greenhouse gas-forced ocean acidification on Earth?s ecosystems. Considering the extreme importance of coral skeletal frameworks in supporting the biodiversity of modern reef ecosystems, the inability of corals to produce skeletons will most likely have severe and negative effects on fisheries and the economies that depend on them. Thus, unusual Early Triassic deposits may provide a preview of marine ecosystems under conditions of increased atmospheric pCO2 and reduced ocean pH.The Lower Triassic of the western U.S. was deposited in two basins on the western coast of Pangaea, which together comprise a nearly complete record of the entire Early Triassic. Studies of the biotic recovery in the western U.S. have largely focused on fossil abundance and diversity patterns and the occurrence of anachronistic facies. These studies have demonstrated that anachronistic facies such as seafloor-precipitated aragonite fans and large subtidal stromatolite bioherms are found exclusively in deeper water settings, below fair-weather wave base (except for the immediate P-T boundary interval). Crystal fans have been reported only from slope or basinal sections while stromatolite bioherms occur on flooding surfaces at the bases of parasequences in more proximal environments. Both seafloor crystal fans and stromatolite bioherms are interpreted to have formed under anaerobic conditions. The facies-dependent occurrence of anachronistic facies has led to the conclusion that anoxia was a deep-ocean phenomenon during the Early Triassic, and that shallower settings were a refuge from anoxia in the aftermath of the mass extinction. The lack of evidence for shallow-water anoxia during the Early Triassic suggests that the biotic recovery in the shallow realm may have been hindered not by anoxia, but by hypercapnia and ocean-acidification due to high atmospheric carbon dioxide.The impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide and ocean acidification during the Early Triassic has received little study. In order to understand the nature of the recovery, the independent and synergistic effects of deep-water anoxia and shallow-water acidification on marine ecosystems need to be examined in greater detail. Because of the different environmental range of each stress, evidence for the two phenomena is rarely found in a single section; thus studies are currently hindered by the lack of a robust stratigraphic framework for the precise correlation of proximal to distal depositional settings both within and between the two Lower Triassic successions. PIs will address this issue by creating a high-resolution bio- and chemostratigraphic framework for the western U.S. and then use those results to test two hypotheses related to the nature of the biotic recovery: 1) The oxygen isotopic composition of conodont phosphate and brachiopod carbonate indicates that the Early Triassic was a time of recurrent climate warming and ocean acidification resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide from Siberian Trap volcanism, and 2) spatially and temporally variable environmental conditions facilitated ecologic change in the Paleozoic Fauna that can be tracked in the immediate extinction aftermath and through the prolonged Early Triassic biotic crisis.
该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公法111-5)资助的。合作研究:美国西部下三叠统新的化学和生物地层框架:对早三叠世事件的高分辨率理解Pedro Marenco,UC滨江,CA-0921127 Margaret Fraiser,Univ.威斯康星州,密尔沃基,CA-0920894 Matthew Clapham,UC圣克鲁斯,Ear-0918184摘要二叠纪末大灭绝的原因仍然存在争议。 然而,一些组合的CO2或H2S的毒性和/或气候变化,触发或催化的西伯利亚陷阱的爆发,似乎是最有可能的杀死机制。 二叠纪末大灭绝的生物恢复受到的关注较少,尽管早三叠世的恢复时间异常长(约500万年)。 的发生?不合时宜的面孔?(e.g.,海底沉淀晶体,潮下叠层石生物丘,和褶皱结构),多种碳同位素漂移,下三叠统地层中海水硫酸盐硫同位素值的升高表明,生物大灭绝后的一段较长时期的异常环境条件可能延缓了生物的恢复。多方面的证据表明,早三叠世是一个大气CO2浓度升高的时期,这很可能是由于生物大灭绝造成的。西伯利亚圈闭的极端火山活动 与此同时,直到中三叠世,后生动物礁才从化石记录中消失,而钙化的海洋无脊椎动物往往很小。 这些关于生物体的观察和实验工作引起了人们对海洋酸化的生态后果的关切,特别是对珊瑚礁生态系统的关切。 对现存珊瑚的实验室实验表明,随着pH值的下降,珊瑚作为没有骨骼的珊瑚虫生存,直到pH值恢复到有利的水平。 有人认为,早三叠世类似的海洋酸化抑制了大型钙质壳的生长,有利于小型生物,并阻止珊瑚形成骨骼。 因此,如果长期的恢复反映了由于二氧化碳水平升高而受到抑制的生态系统,那么早三叠世群落可能代表了温室气体迫使海洋酸化对地球影响的古老模拟?的生态系统。 考虑到珊瑚骨骼框架在支持现代珊瑚礁生态系统的生物多样性方面的极端重要性,珊瑚无法产生骨骼很可能对渔业和依赖渔业的经济产生严重的负面影响。 因此,不寻常的早三叠世沉积物可能提供了一个预览的海洋生态系统的条件下,增加大气pCO 2和海洋pH值降低。美国西部的下三叠世沉积在两个盆地的泛大陆西部海岸,这两个盆地共同构成了几乎完整的记录,整个早三叠世。 对美国西部生物恢复的研究主要集中在化石丰度和多样性模式以及不合时宜的相的出现。 这些研究表明,年代错误的相,如海底沉淀的文石扇和大型潮下叠层石生物礁,只在较深的水环境中发现,低于天气晴朗的波基地(除了直接的P-T边界间隔)。 水晶扇仅在斜坡或盆地部分有报道,而叠层石生物礁则出现在更近的环境中准层序底部的洪泛面上。 海底结晶扇和叠层石生物丘都被解释为在厌氧条件下形成的。 时代错误相的相依赖性的发生导致了缺氧是早三叠世期间的深海现象的结论,并且较浅的设置是大灭绝之后缺氧的避难所。 早三叠世浅水缺氧证据的缺乏表明,生物恢复在浅水区可能已经阻碍了不是缺氧,但高碳酸血症和海洋酸化,由于高大气二氧化碳。 为了了解恢复的性质,需要更详细地研究深水缺氧和浅水酸化对海洋生态系统的独立和协同影响。 由于每个应力的不同环境范围,这两种现象的证据很少在一个单一的部分,因此,研究目前阻碍了缺乏一个强大的地层框架的近端和远端的沉积设置内和两个下三叠统之间的精确相关性。 PI将通过为美国西部创建一个高分辨率的生物和化学地层框架来解决这个问题,然后使用这些结果来测试与生物恢复性质相关的两个假设:第一章牙形石磷酸盐和腕足动物碳酸盐的氧同位素组成表明,早三叠世是一个反复出现的气候变暖和海洋酸化的时期,西伯利亚圈闭火山活动,和2)空间和时间变化的环境条件促进了古生代动物群的生态变化,可以在直接灭绝后和通过延长早三叠世生物危机跟踪。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Pedro Marenco其他文献
Chemostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Ediacaran-Cambrian section in Khubsugul Group, northern Mongolia
蒙古北部库苏古尔群埃迪卡拉系-寒武系剖面化学地层学及古环境重建
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2020 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
大澤 果那;大路 樹生;高柳 栄子;Pedro Marenco;三村 耕一;Sersmaa Gonchigdorj;小野寺 香乃 - 通讯作者:
小野寺 香乃
Pedro Marenco的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Pedro Marenco', 18)}}的其他基金
MCA: RUI: Investigating the role of microbialites in Lower-Middle Ordovician reefs of Laurentia: integrating outcrop, petrographic, and geochemical approaches.
MCA:RUI:研究微生物岩在劳伦西亚中下奥陶统珊瑚礁中的作用:整合露头、岩石学和地球化学方法。
- 批准号:
2221249 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 20.92万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
MRI: Stable isotope analyses in a liberal arts college setting: teaching and research opportunities for undergraduates and faculty
MRI:文理学院环境中的稳定同位素分析:本科生和教师的教学和研究机会
- 批准号:
1428975 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 20.92万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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