Doctoral Dissertation Research: Prime Time Politics: Television News and the Visual Framing of War

博士论文研究:黄金时段政治:电视新闻和战争的视觉框架

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0921720
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.18万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2009-09-15 至 2010-08-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

How does the public react when television news images put them on the frontlines of battle? The public's support for war ebbs and flows in response to events and outcomes surrounding the conflict. An individual's internal calculations to support war include the amount of elite consensus, the costs of the war (e.g. battlefield deaths), and perceptions of winning and losing. Few individuals witness actual war time events. Instead, these events are conveyed to the mass public through news media. If television news coverage of war changes, the way television news consumers think about war may change as well. New data, collected by the co-PI, shows that television news coverage of war has changed dramatically. Modern televised images of violence dwarf their predecessors, both in frequency and severity. If war imagery is now a fundamental component of information received by citizens, models of public support for war must be revised in a way that consider the impact of visual information on public opinion.This project integrates the change in the coverage of war into our understanding of the public's support for conflict. To do so, changes in the images in the televsion news are systematically measured. Where previous coding schemes of news visuals have been either too vague or too specific, a rating system of violence in video games is employed to capture the changing harshness of war imagery on television. Original content analysis of the Vanderbilt Television News Archives (lead stories from the national evening news programs from ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox News and CNN during the Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War and current war in Iraq) are examined to empiricallyevaluate how television news coverage of war and war images varies over time and across networks. These data offer important descriptive information about the coverage of war. But more importantly, they offer the chance to test how this differing information may affect the public's thinking about war. First, using this content analysis and aggregate Gallup polling data, support for the hypothesis that graphic imagery in television news coverage decreases public support for war when the violence is framed as unjustified is found. It is also shown that decreases in public support for war tend to coincide with high levels of news intensity. Second, utilizing actual images and content from the data collection, a controlled experiment that will allow us assess the causaleffects of violent war images on public support for war at the individual level of analysis is conducted. The broader impact of the results are significant, since it advances ourunderstanding of war and public opinion, in particular, and the impact of visual images in the media, in general. The impact of these images can and should be evaluated, giving political scientists and media scholars a more nuanced knowledge of public opinion formation.
当电视新闻画面把公众置于战斗前线时,他们作何反应?公众对战争的支持随着围绕冲突的事件和结果而起伏不定。个人支持战争的内部计算包括精英共识的数量,战争的成本(例如战场上的死亡),以及对输赢的看法。很少有人亲眼目睹真正的战争事件。相反,这些事件通过新闻媒体传播给大众。如果电视新闻对战争的报道发生变化,电视新闻消费者对战争的看法也可能发生变化。联合调查团收集的新数据显示,电视新闻对战争的报道发生了巨大变化。现代电视上的暴力画面在频率和严重程度上都让它们的前辈相形见绌。如果战争图像现在是公民收到的信息的基本组成部分,那么必须以考虑视觉信息对公众舆论影响的方式修改公众支持战争的模型。这个项目将战争报道的变化与我们对公众支持冲突的理解结合起来。为此,系统地测量了电视新闻中图像的变化。以前的新闻视觉编码方案要么太模糊,要么太具体,电子游戏中的暴力分级系统被用来捕捉电视上战争图像的变化。范德比尔特电视新闻档案(ABC、CBS、NBC、福克斯新闻和CNN在越南战争、波斯湾战争和当前伊拉克战争期间的全国晚间新闻节目的主要故事)的原始内容分析进行了检验,以经验评估电视新闻报道的战争和战争图像如何随时间和网络而变化。这些数据提供了有关战争报道的重要描述性信息。但更重要的是,他们提供了一个机会来测试这些不同的信息如何影响公众对战争的看法。首先,利用这一内容分析和综合盖洛普民意调查数据,发现电视新闻报道中的图形图像会减少公众对战争的支持,因为暴力被认为是不正当的。研究还表明,公众对战争支持的减少往往与新闻强度的高水平相吻合。其次,利用数据收集的实际图像和内容,进行对照实验,使我们能够在个人分析层面评估暴力战争图像对公众支持战争的因果关系。研究结果的广泛影响是重大的,因为它促进了我们对战争和公众舆论的理解,特别是对媒体中视觉图像的影响的理解。这些图像的影响可以也应该被评估,让政治学家和媒体学者对公众舆论的形成有更细致的了解。

项目成果

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John Geer其他文献

How Dehumanization Influences Attitudes Towards Immigrants How Dehumanization Influences Attitudes Towards Immigrants
非人化如何影响对移民的态度 非人化如何影响对移民的态度
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    S. Utych;Cindy Kam;John Geer;Josh Clinton;Neil Malhotra;Amber Curtis;Michael Tesler;Lori Hausegger;Jaci Kettler;Jeff Lyons;Justin Vaughn
  • 通讯作者:
    Justin Vaughn

John Geer的其他文献

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