Doctoral Dissertation Research:Using Mugshots to Improve Eyewitness Identification Accuracy

博士论文研究：利用面部照片提高目击者识别准确性

• 批准号: 0921761
• 负责人: Scott Gronlund
• 金额: $ 0.61万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-15 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0921761&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Using; Mugshots

Recent advances in DNA testing have uncovered an alarming observation: innocent people are in prison and the guilty people that committed those crimes are at large. In the majority of the false conviction cases, faulty eyewitness identification is to blame. One standard police practice, showing witnesses mugshots of potential offenders (or people who may resemble them), accounts for some of these errors. This research identifies cases where the ability of an eyewitness to identify a perpetrator might be harmed or enhanced by the process of searching though a series of mugshots following the crime. Research has shown that witnesses who view mugshots may be less able to correctly identify the perpetrator of the crime. Moreover, witnesses can mistake individuals they view in a mugshot search for the perpetrator, even when subsequently presented with the actual perpetrator. From a memory and decision-making perspective, techniques are needed that avoid biasing a witness? memory, while at the same time aiding the police search for the culprit of the crime. This research includes an empirical exploration of the factors that produce lineup identification errors due to a prior exposure to a mugshot search and develops a formally-specified theoretical explanation for how these effects operate. In addition, new techniques designed to avoid these errors will be tested. This will allow us to develop better police practices for aiding a culprit search without harming the ability of the eyewitness to make an identification.

DNA测试的最新进展揭示了一个令人震惊的现象：无辜的人被关进监狱，而犯下这些罪行的罪犯却逍遥法外。在大多数虚假定罪案件中，目击者身份识别错误是罪魁祸首。警方的一个标准做法是向目击者展示潜在罪犯（或可能与他们相似的人）的面部照片，这可以解释其中的一些错误。这项研究确定的情况下，目击者的能力，以确定一个肇事者可能会受到损害或增强的过程中，通过一系列的面部照片后，犯罪。研究表明，观看面部照片的证人可能不太能够正确识别犯罪行为人。此外，证人可能会将他们在寻找罪犯照片时看到的人误认为是罪犯，即使后来看到了真正的罪犯。从记忆和决策的角度来看，需要避免偏见证人的技术？同时，他还帮助警方寻找犯罪的罪魁祸首。这项研究包括实证探索的因素，产生阵容识别错误，由于事先暴露于mugshot搜索，并制定了正式指定的理论解释这些影响如何运作。此外，将测试旨在避免这些错误的新技术。这将使我们能够制定更好的警察做法，在不损害目击者辨认能力的情况下协助罪犯搜查。