Collaborative Research: Searching for Links Between Genotype and Phenotype in the Evolution of Air Breathing, Hypoxia, and Terrestriality in Gobies

合作研究：寻找虾虎鱼空气呼吸、缺氧和陆地性进化中基因型和表型之间的联系

• 批准号: 0922569
• 负责人: Martin Tresguerres
• 金额: $ 56.05万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0922569&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Searching; Links; Between

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)." This study will investigate aspects of aerial respiration and amphibious capacity in mudskipper fishes (Family Gobiidae), which are renowned for their capacity to live out of water. The research will probe the genetic bases for the evolutionary progression of the mudskippers from forms that only used air-breathing as an emergency response to low environmental oxygen conditions to forms that spend extended periods out of water and thus have become highly dependent upon air breathing. The radiation of mudskippers into ecological niches requiring higher degrees of terrestriality parallels the evolutionary sequence of the early tetrapods and this study will employ mudskippers as a model group for investigating physiological aspects of the adaptations underlying the tetrapod progression onto land during the Late Paleozoic Era (~380-250 million years ago, mya). In the late Devonian Period (380-360 mya), atmospheric oxygen was low (13-17%) but then increased to 30-35% in the Carboniferous-Early Permian (360-280 mya). The research on mudskippers will test theories suggesting that atmospheric oxygen levels affected the vertebrate land radiation. This will be done by measuring the effect of ambient oxygen levels on mudskipper performance on a terrestrial treadmill enclosed in an atmospheric chamber. In addition, time-series comparisons of post-exercise levels of nutrients (glucose) and metabolites (lactic acid), blood properties, and other indices of metabolic state will be made for gobies that differ in their degree of specializations for terrestrial life. Also to be studied is the genetic link between the extent of time a mudskipper spends out of water and its capacity for air breathing. This will be done by comparing how the gene-expression profiles of different species are altered by exercise and prolonged air exposure. The proposed research will involve the training and mentoring of undergraduate, graduate, and post doctoral students and thus continue to promote teaching, training, and learning.

“该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。“这项研究将调查弹涂鱼（虾虎鱼科）的空气呼吸和两栖能力，这是著名的能力，生活在水外。 这项研究将探索弹涂鱼进化过程的遗传基础，从只使用空气呼吸作为对低环境氧气条件的紧急反应的形式，到长时间离开水的形式，从而高度依赖空气呼吸。 辐射的弹涂鱼到生态位需要更高程度的terrestriality平行的早期四足动物的进化序列，这项研究将采用弹涂鱼作为一个模型组，调查生理方面的适应四足动物的进展到陆地在晚古生代（约380- 2.5亿年前，mya）。 在泥盆纪晚期（3.8亿-3.6亿年），大气中的氧含量很低（13-17%），但在石炭纪-早二叠世（3.6亿-2.8亿年）增加到30-35%。 对弹涂鱼的研究将验证大气中氧气含量影响脊椎动物陆地辐射的理论。 这将通过测量环境氧气水平对弹涂鱼性能的影响，在一个封闭的大气室地面跑步机。 此外，时间序列比较运动后的营养物质（葡萄糖）和代谢物（乳酸）的水平，血液特性，和其他指标的代谢状态将虾虎鱼，在他们的专业化程度不同的陆地生活。 同样需要研究的是弹涂鱼离开水的时间长短与其呼吸空气的能力之间的遗传联系。 这将通过比较不同物种的基因表达谱如何被运动和长时间的空气暴露所改变来完成。 拟议的研究将涉及本科生，研究生和博士后学生的培训和指导，从而继续促进教学，培训和学习。