Development of Dynamic Risky Decision Making: Behavioral Phenomena and Neural Underpinnings

动态风险决策的发展：行为现象和神经基础

• 批准号: 0922743
• 负责人: Elke Weber
• 金额: $ 25.06万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0922743&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Dynamic; Risky; Decision; Making

Adolescents are prone to take risks that result in elevated levels of traffic accidents, infections from sexually transmitted diseases, or substance abuse. The proposed research investigates neural mechanisms that give rise to such risk-taking behavior, which are currently not well understood. Recent research has proposed that affective/emotional processes might be crucial to better understanding risk taking in adolescents and other individuals known to seek risks, such as substance abusers or pathological gamblers. Behavioral and brain activation (BOLD in fMRI) data to investigate how different forms of dynamic versus static decision-making situations influence the involvement of affective versus deliberative modes of processing and the levels of risk taking in children, adolescents, and adults. One primary hypothesis to be tested is that dynamic choice situations trigger affective processing more than static choice situations, which trigger predominantly deliberative processing. A second hypothesis is that adolescents are prone to take greater risks than children and adults because of differences in the maturation rates of their deliberative and affective systems, differences that result in teens relying more on affective processing to make decisions. In addition, a large internet-based study will extend the age range of our investigation to middle-aged and older-aged adults in order to investigate later developmental changes in dynamic risk taking, studying it effectively across the life span.A better understanding of the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying risk taking and risky decision making will help with the development of better prevention and intervention strategies. These strategies can be targeted at adolescent at-risk populations and other populations with deficits in risky decision making, including substance abusers and pathological gamblers. A better understanding of both the triggering situational characteristics and the differential role and interplay of affective and deliberative decision processes can lead to policies and interventions that help people make better decisions in everyday life. For example, at-risk individuals can be helped to learn what situational characteristics lead them to take dangerous risks. On a broader level, people can be trained to better integrate affective and deliberative reactions in their decisions. Policy makers can learn how to communicate risks and describe decisions in a way that triggers an optimal balance of the two types of decision processes.

青少年容易冒险，导致交通事故、性传播疾病感染或药物滥用的发生率上升。这项拟议中的研究调查了引起这种冒险行为的神经机制，目前还没有很好地理解。最近的研究表明，情感/情绪过程可能是至关重要的，以更好地理解在青少年和其他个人的风险，如药物滥用者或病态赌徒。行为和大脑激活（BOLD在功能磁共振成像）的数据，以调查如何不同形式的动态与静态决策的情况下，影响参与的情感与审议模式的处理和风险的水平，在儿童，青少年和成人。一个主要的假设是，动态的选择情况下触发情感处理比静态的选择情况下，触发主要是审议处理。第二个假设是，青少年比儿童和成年人更倾向于承担更大的风险，因为他们的审议和情感系统的成熟率存在差异，这些差异导致青少年更多地依赖情感处理来做出决定。 此外，一项基于互联网的大规模研究将研究的年龄范围扩展到中老年，以探讨动态风险承担的后期发展变化，有效地研究其在整个生命周期中的变化，更好地了解风险承担和风险决策的行为和神经机制，有助于制定更好的预防和干预策略。这些策略可以针对青少年高危人群和其他缺乏风险决策的人群，包括药物滥用者和病态赌徒。更好地理解触发情境特征以及情感和深思熟虑决策过程的不同作用和相互作用，可以制定政策和干预措施，帮助人们在日常生活中做出更好的决策。例如，可以帮助处于危险中的个人了解哪些情境特征导致他们冒危险。在更广泛的层面上，人们可以接受培训，以便在决策中更好地整合情感和深思熟虑的反应。政策制定者可以学习如何沟通风险，并以一种能够在两种决策过程之间实现最佳平衡的方式描述决策。