Neuropsychology of Risk Perception and Risk Taking

风险感知和风险承担的神经心理学

• 批准号: 0452932
• 负责人: Elke Weber
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-03-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0452932&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Neuropsychology; Risk; Perception; Taking

Economists, psychologists and neuroscientists have proposed a wide range of models of people's choices when confronted with risky options that describe how such decisions should be made (normative) or how such decisions appear to be made (descriptive). However, the actual processes by which such choices are made remain an open question. Recently, neuroscience researchers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have begun to examine how the human brain encodes information about some of the variables used by many models of risky decision making. These techniques have been used to identify neural signals that may be related to both the material and emotional consequences of choices, and can thus inform controversies between competing descriptive theories of risky decision making.We will use neuroscience evidence to test between different theories or models of behavior in two areas of considerable interest to researchers and policy makers: (a) the nature of risk perception and its role in risky decision making, and (b) differences in the way people make risky decisions when basing them on repeated personal experience with the outcomes of choice options vs. basing them on statistical summary information about the choice options, typically provided by others. Our investigation of risk perception and risky choice will relate levels of brain activation in areas known to be involved in risk judgments and risky decisions to choice set characteristics and to observed judgments and choices. This will enable us to test between competing models of risky choice and to investigate the neural determinants of individual differences in risk perception and risky choice. Future studies will take such insights and apply them to risky decisions from description and uncertain decisions from personal experience made in clinical populations, in particular by schizophrenics and young substance abusers. The will help to build a neural process model of risky decision-making in normal adults, which can serve as a foundation for understanding the neural sources of impaired decision making in clinical and other at-risk populations.

经济学家、心理学家和神经科学家提出了一系列关于人们在面对风险选项时的选择的模型，这些模型描述了应该如何做出这样的决定（规范性）或如何做出这样的决定（描述性）。 然而，作出这种选择的实际过程仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。最近，神经科学研究人员使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）开始研究人类大脑如何编码许多风险决策模型所使用的一些变量的信息。这些技术已被用于识别可能与选择的物质和情感后果相关的神经信号，因此可以为风险决策的竞争描述理论之间的争议提供信息。我们将使用神经科学证据来测试研究人员和政策制定者相当感兴趣的两个领域的不同理论或行为模型：（a）风险感知的本质及其在风险决策中的作用;（B）当人们基于对选择结果的重复个人经验与基于关于选择结果的统计摘要信息（通常由他人提供）时，人们做出风险决策的方式存在差异。我们对风险感知和风险选择的研究将把已知参与风险判断和风险决策的区域的大脑激活水平与选择集特征以及观察到的判断和选择联系起来。这将使我们能够在风险选择的竞争模型之间进行测试，并研究风险感知和风险选择的个体差异的神经决定因素。未来的研究将采取这样的见解，并将其应用到危险的决定，从描述和不确定的决定，从个人经验的临床人群，特别是精神分裂症患者和年轻的药物滥用者。这将有助于建立一个正常成人的风险决策的神经过程模型，这可以作为理解临床和其他高危人群中受损决策的神经来源的基础。