A Biographical Study of Dr. Martin Lister (1638-1712).

这个项目是为了研究马丁·利斯特博士(1638-1712)的第一本科学传记，他是皇家学会副会长、皇家内科医生，也是第一位海螺学家和蜘蛛学家。它将阐述李斯特对自然历史的研究在多大程度上是文艺复兴时期博物学家和启蒙运动(如林奈和布冯)的工作之间的概念桥梁。像200年后的达尔文一样，李斯特成年后的大部分时间(超过1000封幸存的信件)都与探险家和科学家通信，他们向他提供了来自世界各地的标本、观察和地点记录。他的工作影响延伸到牙买加、美国、巴巴多斯、法国、意大利、荷兰、中国和他的祖国英国，他的研究真正跨文化。这项传记研究和思想史也将提供一幅史无前例的图景，说明17世纪文学共和国的大师意味着什么。丰富的档案资料表明，李斯特是考古学、医学和化学方面的创新者，罗伯特·博伊尔认为他是一位具有深刻洞察力的研究者。虽然众所周知，李斯特发现了不断膨胀的蜘蛛，他对软体动物的研究是200年来的标准，但他也发明了直方图，为艾萨克·牛顿爵士的望远镜提供了化学程序和合金，考古研究证明了约克的存在吗？S的城墙是罗马的，收到了第一批中国天花疫苗接种的报告，并将第一批重要的自然历史藏品捐赠给了阿什莫尔博物馆。李斯特的信件透露，他参与了皇家学会成立初期的日常管理，揭示了世界上一些未知的内部运作方式？？S第一个科学学会。这个故事有一个引人入胜的潜台词：李斯特十几岁的女儿安娜和苏珊娜为他关于软体动物的杰作雕刻了1000多块贝壳，为皇家学会雕刻了安东尼？范？列文虎克？S的显微插图，并自己使用显微镜。女性在科学革命中的重要性？从来没有这么清楚过。正如李斯特是第一个对蜘蛛及其网络进行系统研究的人一样，这本传记将第一次分析支配他作为科学家生活的知识、赞助以及家庭和性别关系的重要网络，呈现出具有广泛吸引力的早期科学研究的人文主义观点。

This project is to carry out research for what will be the first scientific biography of Dr. Martin Lister (1638-1712), vice-president of the Royal Society, Royal Physician, and the first conchologist and arachnologist. It will address the extent to which Lister's study of natural history is a conceptual bridge between the work of Renaissance naturalists and those of the Enlightenment, such as Linnaeus and Buffon. Like Darwin two hundred years later, Lister corresponded most of his adult life (over 1000 surviving letters) with explorers and scientists who provided him specimens, observations, and locality records from all over the world. The impact of his work extended into Jamaica, America, Barbados, France, Italy, the Netherlands, China, and his native England, his research truly cross-cultural.This biographical study and intellectual history will also provide an unprecedented picture of what it meant to be a virtuoso in the seventeenth-century republic of letters. Rich archival resources show that Lister was an innovator in archaeology, medicine and chemistry, Robert Boyle considering him an investigator of ?piercing sagacity.? Though Lister is known to have discovered ballooning spiders and his work on molluscs was standard for 200 years, he also invented the histogram, provided Sir Isaac Newton with chemical procedures and alloys for his telescopic mirrors, did archaeological studies demonstrating York?s walls were Roman, received the first reports of Chinese smallpox vaccination, and donated the first significant natural history collections to the Ashmolean Museum. His letters reveal he was involved in the day-to-day administration of the early Royal Society in its formative years, revealing some of the unknown internal workings of the world?s first scientific society.There is a fascinating subtext to this story: Lister's teenage daughters, Anna and Susannah, engraved over 1000 plates of shells for his masterwork on molluscs, engraved Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?s microscopic illustrations for the Royal Society, and used microscopes themselves. The importance of women in the ?scientific revolution? has never been clearer. Just as Lister was the first to make a systematic study of spiders and their webs, this biography will be first to analyze the significant webs of knowledge, patronage, and familial and gender relationships that governed his life as a scientist, presenting a humanistic view of early science studies with broad appeal.