Suction Feeding Evolution: Functional Morphology, Biomechanics and Performance

吸力喂养的进化：功能形态、生物力学和性能

• 批准号: 0924489
• 负责人: Peter Wainwright
• 金额: $ 80.78万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0924489&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Suction; Feeding; Evolution; Functional; Morphology

Suction feeding is believed to be the ancestral method of prey capture in bony fishes and is used by the majority of aquatic feeding vertebrate animals, including most bony fish and many aquatic amphibians, turtles and mammals. Although suction feeding is a very evolutionarily conserved mechanism, it supports unparalleled diversity in feeding habits because of its effectiveness and versatility for prey capture. This research is aimed at identifying major innovations in the mechanical design of suction feeding systems in animals and how this system has been modified during evolution to produce the extensive diversity that suction feeders represent. This will be accomplished by focusing on the fluid mechanics of two major mechanisms whereby some suction feeders amplify the hydrodynamic forces they exert on prey items, and by using data from high-speed video recordings and water-flow visualization techniques as the basis for studies of evolutionary patterns in feeding behavior across seven major fish radiations. This research will measure the impact of several mechanisms in shaping the diversification of this complex mechanical system. The results will lead to a deeper understanding of how breakthroughs in function impact subsequent diversification and how constraints such as trade-offs and modularity of design can both limit and facilitate evolution. It is hoped that general design mechanisms will be identified whereby evolution has been able to overcome fundamental mechanical trade-offs and these may have applicability in human-designed mechanisms. This project will also focus on the recruitment and training of young scientists, including a postdoctoral researcher, a doctoral graduate student and four undergraduate students per year. Outreach activities will include the development of a Youtube channel where the public can view suction feeding videos, a research blog aimed at undergraduate students, and participation in television documentaries.

吸食被认为是在硬骨鱼中捕获猎物的祖先方法，被大多数水生摄食脊椎动物使用，包括大多数硬骨鱼和许多水生两栖动物、海龟和哺乳动物。虽然吸食是一种进化上非常保守的机制，但由于其对猎物捕获的有效性和多功能性，它支持了无与伦比的摄食习惯的多样性。这项研究的目的是确定动物吸食系统机械设计的主要创新，以及该系统在进化过程中如何被修改，以产生吸食所代表的广泛多样性。这将通过重点研究两种主要机制的流体力学来实现，一些吸食者利用这两种机制放大它们对猎物物品施加的水动力，并利用高速录像和水流可视化技术的数据作为研究七种主要鱼类辐射的摄食行为演变模式的基础。这项研究将衡量塑造这一复杂机械系统多样化的几种机制的影响。这些结果将使人们更深入地理解功能上的突破如何影响后续的多样化，以及设计的权衡和模块化等限制因素如何既限制又促进进化。人们希望，将确定一般的设计机制，从而使进化能够克服基本的机械权衡，这些机制可能适用于人类设计的机制。该项目还将重点招聘和培养青年科学家，包括一名博士后研究员、一名博士后研究生和每年四名本科生。外展活动将包括开发一个YouTube频道，公众可以在其中观看吸食视频，一个针对本科生的研究博客，以及参与电视纪录片。