Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Labor and the Rise of the Tiwanaku State (AD 500-1100): A Bioarchaeological Study of Activity Patterns.

这个项目将提供对提瓦纳库(公元500-1100)形成和扩张期间不同社区的劳工的详细了解，提瓦纳库是第一个安第斯国家。这项研究考察了生物学指标，以推断习惯性活动如何随着国家的形成以及劳动力的控制和分配而变化，这些都是理解史前国家发展的基本主题。该项目涉及异政府主义或等级制度国家的形成问题，并提供了一个具体骨骼证据的比较框架，以扩大考古记录，从创新的角度研究提瓦纳库国形成和扩张期间的史前劳动模式。该项目是在玻利维亚的提提卡卡盆地地区和秘鲁的莫夸加对生物力学和骨骼活动指标(肌肉骨骼标记、骨关节炎和横断面骨骼几何)进行的第一次全面研究。它通过原始的数据收集和统计方法扩展了骨骼生物学分析，有可能为活动模式的研究提供一个新的模型。知识价值：对来自多个证据的数据的分析将进一步阐明史前政治组织、政治经济和劳动力在安第斯国家形成过程中的变化。所使用的方法可以应用于世界各地的类似研究。更广泛的影响：这项研究在北卡罗来纳大学(UNC)、玻利维亚考古系和秘鲁的康蒂苏约博物馆之间建立了联系。这项研究还改善了玻利维亚当地一名对学习人类骨学感兴趣的学生的教育。它加强了北卡罗来纳大学和杜克大学人类学系与北卡罗来纳大学医院放射科之间的关系。本研究对未来女性科学学者的博士论文和培养具有一定的参考价值。

Sara K. Simon, Dale HutchinsonNSF Proposal - DDIG 0925866This project will provide a detailed understanding of labor in various communities during the formation and expansion of the Tiwanaku (AD 500-1100), the first Andean state. The study examines biological indicators to infer how habitual activity varies with state formation and the control and distribution of labor, essential topics for understanding prehistoric state development. This project addresses issues of heterarchical or hierarchical state formation and provides a comparative framework of specific skeletal evidence to amplify the archaeological record for an innovative perspective into prehistoric labor patterns during the formation and expansion of the Tiwanaku state. This project is the first comprehensive study of biomechanics and skeletal indicators of activity (musculoskeletal markers, osteoarthritis, and cross-sectional bone geometry) in the Titicaca Basin area of Bolivia and in Moquegua, Peru. It expands skeletal biology analysis through original data collection and statistical methods, having the potential to provide a new model for the study of activity patterns. Intellectual Merit: The analysis of data from multiple lines of evidence will further illuminate prehistoric political organization, political economy, and labor changes during the formation of Andean states. The methods used can be applied to similar studies around the world. Broader Impacts: This research has created ties between the University of North Carolina (UNC), the Bolivian Department of Archaeology, and Museo Contisuyo in Peru. This study also improves education for a local Bolivian student interested in learning about human osteology. It enhances the relationship between the Anthropology departments of University of North Carolina and Duke University, and the University of North Carolina Hospital Department of Radiology. This study contributes to the doctoral dissertation and training of a future female scholar in the sciences.