Cultural Accommodation And Change In The North Carolina Piedmont

该项目旨在提供对人类健康和适应早期殖民时期大西洋沿岸的新认识，这是北美历史上文化变革和互动最戏剧性和最具活力的时期之一。虽然北卡罗来纳州沿海地区的情况得到了最多的学术关注，欧洲殖民对土著人口和中心地带（皮埃蒙特地区）的环境的影响很少有历史资料记载。因此，考古证据提供了一种独特的手段来揭示北卡罗来纳州土著人民的不成文的历史，并记录他们的经验，并参与，戏剧性的事件和社会动荡，在早期殖民时期展开。利用该地区独特的历史和考古资源，由北卡罗来纳大学教堂山研究实验室在考古学中系统收集了半个多世纪，研究人员将研究土著居民如何受到早期殖民过程的影响。 他们将记录饮食和资源选择的变化，并重建与殖民化相关的变化如何影响经济，饮食，流动性和健康。以前关于皮埃蒙特地区生存问题的所有讨论都集中在确定人们吃了什么，以及食物是如何获得和分配的，而不是生存问题的变化与人类营养和健康的关系。该项目收集的数据与现代世界直接相关。 他们提供了一个新的理解北卡罗来纳州的人民，资源和土地利用战略的历史。 他们还记录了土著人对殖民过程的社会，政治，环境和生物压力的反应，这是一种评估当地和全球范围内面临贫困和粮食不安全的替代可持续粮食计划的手段。此外，在合作主要研究者的指导下，研究生和本科生将在数据收集，管理和分析方面发挥重要作用，从而获得实验室工作，研究设计和出版的宝贵经验。该项目中包含的植物，动物，民族历史和人类生物学数据的组合为理解灵活的人类行为如何促进食物供应和选择的变化做出了宝贵的贡献。很少有其他研究在一开始就纳入了所有这些类型的数据集。 从公元1200年和公元1720年之间的考古遗址的材料将被用来检查随着时间的推移，在社区内的食物选择和采购的趋势，以及评估资源调度，多样性，狩猎和社区之间的种植策略的变化。 在史前晚期和早期殖民时期之间，植物和动物的使用是否发生了变化？ 一些动物对欧洲商品市场更有吸引力吗？ 健康和营养的模式是否表明史前晚期和早期殖民时期之间的饮食变化？我们预测，继续强调混合国内和野生的饮食资源有助于缓冲殖民化的生存压力，而微妙的变化，他们被利用的方式反映了应急反应，在面对殖民化。

This project seeks to provide a new understanding of human health and adaptation on the Atlantic coast during the early Colonial period, one of the most dramatic and dynamic periods of cultural change and interaction in the history of North America. Although the situation in the North Carolina coastal region has received the most scholarly attention, the impacts of European colonization on the indigenous populations and environments of the heartland (the Piedmont region) are poorly documented by historical sources. As a result, archaeological evidence provides a unique means to uncover the unwritten histories of the indigenous peoples of North Carolina and document their experience of, and participation in, the dramatic events and social disruptions that unfolded during the early colonial period. Taking advantage of the unique historical and archaeological resources of this region, systematically collected by the UNC-Chapel Hill Research Laboratories in Archaeology for more than a half century, the researchers will examine how indigenous populations were impacted by the early colonial process. They will document changes in diet and resource selection and reconstruct how the changes associated with colonization impacted economy, diet, mobility, and health. All previous discussions of subsistence in the Piedmont have focused on identifying what was eaten and how it was obtained and distributed, but not on how shifts in subsistence relate to human nutrition and health. The data collected on this project have direct relevance in the modern world. They provide a new understanding of the history of North Carolina's peoples, resources, and land use strategies. They also document indigenous responses to the social, political, environmental and biological stresses of colonial processes, which present a means to assess alternative sustainable food programs in the face of poverty and food insecurity on local and global scales. Moreover, under the direction of collaborating principal investigators, graduate and undergraduate students will play a major role in data collection, management, and analysis, thereby gaining valuable experience in laboratory work, research design, and publication. The combination of plant, animal, ethnohistoric, and human biological data included in this project make valuable contributions to understanding how flexible human behavior facilitates changes in food availability and choice. Few other studies have incorporated all of these kinds of data sets at the onset. Materials from archaeological sites dating between AD 1200 and AD 1720 will be used to examine trends in food choice and procurement within communities through time, as well as to assess variability in resource scheduling, diversity, hunting, and cropping strategies between communities. Are there changes in plant and animal use between the late prehistoric and early colonial periods? Are some animals more desirable for European commodity markets? Do patterns of health and nutrition indicate shifts in diet between the late prehistoric and early colonial periods? We predict that continued emphasis on mixed domestic and wild dietary resources helped buffer the subsistence stress of colonization, while subtle shifts in the way that they were utilized reflect contingent responses in the face of colonization.