Mapping the International Evolution of Collaboration Networks on Patents Granted to Universities around the World

该项目由美国国家科学基金会的科学技术协会（STS）和科学与创新政策科学（SciSIP）项目共同资助，研究知识如何在世界各地的学术科学发明家之间流动。 大学专利是本研究的分析对象，因为专利反映了知识的生产和扩散。 通过分析世界各地的发明人和大学授予专利的机构之间的合作，解决了以下问题： 知识如何在学术发明家之间流动？ 国家特征、国家政策和制度实践如何影响知识传播？ 学术发明家个人在多大程度上引导了知识的流动？ 从政策的角度来看，国际影响的Bayh-Dole法案-两党的立法努力，以促进技术开发和产业，学院和联邦实验室之间的转让-进行检查。本研究追踪知识扩散作为一个复杂的系统相结合的方法，包括网络分析，网络可视化，专利引文分析，时间分析和主题分析。 本项目：展示了世界各地的学术发明家和组织间网络之间的重要关系;分析了专利作为知识传播重要过程的人工制品;并描述了形状，地球仪科学合作的结构和演变。这项研究的结果将提供实质性信息，可用于组织和科学和技术决策者在设计和实施知识传播和创新政策。本研究旨在对知识扩散的复杂系统和过程的理论知识做出基础性贡献。

This project, which is co-funded by the Science, Technology & Society (STS) and Science of Science and Innovation Policy (SciSIP) Programs at NSF, studies how knowledge flows between and among academic scientific inventors around the world. University patents are the object of analysis for this study because patents reflect both knowledge production and diffusion. By analyzing collaborations between inventors and institutions on patents granted to universities around the world, the following questions are addressed: How does knowledge flow between academic inventors? How do country characteristics, national policies, and institutional practices shape knowledge diffusion? To what extent do individual academic inventors direct the flow of knowledge? From a policy perspective, the international impact of the Bayh-Dole Act--a bipartisan legislative effort to facilitate technology development and transfers between industry, the academy and federal laboratories--is examined. This study traces knowledge diffusion as a complex system by combining methodological approaches that include network analysis, network visualization, patent citation analysis, temporal analysis, and topical analysis. This project: demonstrates important relationships between academic inventors and inter-organizational networks around the world; analyzes patents as an artifact of important processes of knowledge diffusion; and describes the shape, structure and evolution of scientific collaborations on university patents around the globe.The findings of this study will provide substantive information that may be of use to organizations and science and technology policymakers in designing and implementing policies for knowledge diffusion and innovation. This study intends to make fundamental contributions to theoretical knowledge about complex systems and processes of knowledge diffusion.