Evolution of Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law in Uzbekistan in light of International Legal Aid

在2022财政年度，鉴于疫情后重新开放的趋势缓慢，该项目仍在进行一半。2022年底，笔者终于有机会重新开始对乌兹别克斯坦的实地考察，对国内法律学者和政策制定者进行了原计划的必要采访。笔者针对1991-1992年直接参与宪法草案项目的受访者，以及随后参与宪政改革（包括最近的2023年宪政改革）的几位政策制定者，准备了几份个人问卷。初步采访表明，1990年的起草过程是自发的，起草者不得不仓促地处理民主、人权或私有财产等概念。关键问题是，宪法融合了从西方（法国和美国）借鉴的社会主义、传统和许多自由主义思想，而这些概念在实践中几乎没有共存。作者发现几位法国和美国专家参与了1992年宪法的起草，其中涉及人权和总统权力的部分。由于时间有限，笔者无法进行一些采访和必要的档案检索来发现对借用概念的讨论和反馈。笔者还对日本有关法律援助的资料进行了分析。作者撰写了几份会议报告和高质量的出版物，由Berliner Wissenschafts，韩国法律研究所出版（如：《中亚人权的传播》）。

In the fiscal year 2022, the project is still half underway, given the slow reopening tendencies after the pandemic period. At the end of 2022, the author had a chance to finally restart a research field trip to Uzbekistan to conduct the originally proposed essential interviews with domestic legal scholars and policymakers. The author prepared several individual questionnaires for select interviewees who directly participated in the draft constitution project in 1991-1992 and several policymakers who participated in the following constitutional reforms, including the most recent - 2023 Constitutional reform.Initial interviews have demonstrated that the drafting process in 1990 was spontaneous, and drafters had to deal with concepts of democracy, human rights, or private property unpreparedly and in a hurry. The key problem is that constitution integrated socialist, traditional, and many liberal ideas borrowed from Western constitutions (French, and the U.S.) and such concepts barely co-existed in practice.The author discovered the involvement of several French and American experts in drafting the 1992 Constitution, in parts dealing with human rights and presidential power. Given the limited time, the author could not conduct some interviews and necessary archival search to discover the discussion and feedback on borrowed concepts.Author also analyzed Japanese materials on legal assistance. Author made several conference reports and quality publications by Berliner Wissenschafts, Korea Legal Research Institute, Springer (ex. Dissemination of Human Rights in Central Asia).