Evolution of Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law in Uzbekistan in light of International Legal Aid

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In the fiscal year 2022, the project is still half underway, given the slow reopening tendencies after the pandemic period. At the end of 2022, the author had a chance to finally restart a research field trip to Uzbekistan to conduct the originally proposed essential interviews with domestic legal scholars and policymakers. The author prepared several individual questionnaires for select interviewees who directly participated in the draft constitution project in 1991-1992 and several policymakers who participated in the following constitutional reforms, including the most recent - 2023 Constitutional reform.Initial interviews have demonstrated that the drafting process in 1990 was spontaneous, and drafters had to deal with concepts of democracy, human rights, or private property unpreparedly and in a hurry. The key problem is that constitution integrated socialist, traditional, and many liberal ideas borrowed from Western constitutions (French, and the U.S.) and such concepts barely co-existed in practice.The author discovered the involvement of several French and American experts in drafting the 1992 Constitution, in parts dealing with human rights and presidential power. Given the limited time, the author could not conduct some interviews and necessary archival search to discover the discussion and feedback on borrowed concepts.Author also analyzed Japanese materials on legal assistance. Author made several conference reports and quality publications by Berliner Wissenschafts, Korea Legal Research Institute, Springer (ex. Dissemination of Human Rights in Central Asia).