Evolution of Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law in Uzbekistan in light of International Legal Aid

2022 财年，鉴于疫情过后重新开放的趋势缓慢，该项目仍进行了一半。 2022年底，笔者终于有机会重新开始对乌兹别克斯坦的实地考察，对国内法律学者和政策制定者进行最初提出的必要访谈。作者为直接参与 1991-1992 年宪法起草项目的选定受访者以及参与随后宪法改革（包括最近的 2023 年宪法改革）的几位政策制定者准备了几份个人调查问卷。初步访谈表明，1990 年的起草过程是自发的，起草者不得不在毫无准备和仓促的情况下处理民主、人权或私有财产的概念。关键问题在于，宪法融合了社会主义、传统以及许多从西方宪法（法国和美国）借用的自由主义思想，而这些概念在实践中几乎无法共存。作者发现，几位法国和美国专家参与了1992年宪法的起草，其中涉及人权和总统权力的部分。由于时间有限，笔者无法进行一些采访和必要的档案检索来发现有关借用概念的讨论和反馈。作者还分析了日本有关法律援助的材料。作者发表了多份会议报告，并由柏林科学研究院、韩国法律研究所、斯普林格出版社（例如《中亚人权传播》）撰写了多份会议报告和高质量出版物。

In the fiscal year 2022, the project is still half underway, given the slow reopening tendencies after the pandemic period. At the end of 2022, the author had a chance to finally restart a research field trip to Uzbekistan to conduct the originally proposed essential interviews with domestic legal scholars and policymakers. The author prepared several individual questionnaires for select interviewees who directly participated in the draft constitution project in 1991-1992 and several policymakers who participated in the following constitutional reforms, including the most recent - 2023 Constitutional reform.Initial interviews have demonstrated that the drafting process in 1990 was spontaneous, and drafters had to deal with concepts of democracy, human rights, or private property unpreparedly and in a hurry. The key problem is that constitution integrated socialist, traditional, and many liberal ideas borrowed from Western constitutions (French, and the U.S.) and such concepts barely co-existed in practice.The author discovered the involvement of several French and American experts in drafting the 1992 Constitution, in parts dealing with human rights and presidential power. Given the limited time, the author could not conduct some interviews and necessary archival search to discover the discussion and feedback on borrowed concepts.Author also analyzed Japanese materials on legal assistance. Author made several conference reports and quality publications by Berliner Wissenschafts, Korea Legal Research Institute, Springer (ex. Dissemination of Human Rights in Central Asia).