Core Project 9 "Soil" Linking biodiversity and land use to soil functions

核心项目9 -土壤-将继续组织协调土壤采样和编制重要的基线土壤性质。它还将支持森林和草原的大型多地点实验。为此，我们将在新项目阶段开始时组织第五次试验田土壤协调取样和多点试验。协调的土壤取样将允许生物多样性探索项目中所有与土壤有关的项目在相同的样品上工作。为了提供生物多样性实验区碳和养分的综合平衡，将对所有试验区的底土进行首次采样。此外，为了补充碳释放数据，我们正在研究微生物在所有EPs中的二氧化碳固定。我们还将继续确定自2011年以来一直监测的重要土壤特性，如pH值、碳和养分含量、根系含量、粘土含量、石头含量。在森林样地，我们还研究了酶活性和微生物生物量。在森林中，我们也从2015年开始记录凋落物的输入。这使我们能够捕捉到与碳和养分循环相关的重要生态系统功能和服务。此外，我们还利用土地利用和气候数据分析了它们对土壤重要功能（如土壤碳储量）的影响。我们的土壤数据还使我们能够分析土地利用和生物多样性变化以及极端气候对土壤特性的重要长期影响。总体而言，该项目将提供与所有其他项目，特别是与所有综合项目高度相关的所有研究地点的土壤数据和信息。

Core Project 9 - Soil - will continue to organize the coordinated soil sampling and compile important baseline soil properties. It will also support the large multi-site experiments in forest and grassland. To this end, we will organize the fifth coordinated soil sampling on the experimental plots as well as on the multi-site experiments at the beginning of the new project phase. The coordinated soil sampling will allow all soil-related projects in the Biodiversity Exploratories to work on the same samples. To provide comprehensive carbon and nutrient balances of the Biodiversity Exploratories, subsoils will be sampled for the first time at all Experimental Plots (EPs). In addition, and to complement carbon release data, we are investigating microbial carbon-dioxide fixation at all EPs. We will also continue to determine important soil properties such as pH, carbon, and nutrient contents, root contents, clay contents, stone contents that have been monitored since 2011. At the forest plots, we additionally investigate enzyme activities and microbial biomass. In the forest, we have also been recording litter input since 2015. This allows us to capture important ecosystem functions and services related to carbon and nutrient cycling. In addition, we use land use and climate data to analyze their impact on important soil functions, such as soil carbon storage. Our soil data also allow us to analyze important long-term effects of land use and biodiversity change, and climate extremes on soil properties. Overall, this project will provide soil data and information at all study sites that are highly relevant to all other projects, especially to all synthesis projects.