Doctoral Dissertation Research: A Visual Time Geographic Approach to Crime Mapping

博士论文研究：犯罪绘图的视觉时间地理方法

• 批准号: 0927850
• 负责人: Philip Steinberg
• 金额: $ 1.18万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0927850&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Visual; Time

The use of digital mapping for exploring and analyzing the spaces of crime has grown considerably in recent years, jointly with the growth of computing technologies. Uncovering hotspots, criminal networks, flows, and investigative leads have become common goals in the application of crime mapping by both researchers and practitioners. While some crimes have proven easily represented by conventional methods of mapping, other crimes have proven quite difficult to represent with this kind of mapping. For some types of crime (e.g. mugging while on the subway or identity theft), the mobility of both offenders and victims moving in and out of the spaces of crime challenges the usability of a simple map as a mode of representation. Because of the itinerant way in which these crime events occur across space and time, they defy representation by the location of a single point of offender-victim interaction. These types of crime events require a novel approach to mapping crime spaces. Therefore, this doctoral research investigates the usability of an approach to mapping crime that combines space and time for a visual account of both victim and offender mobility under event-related constraints (e.g. accessibility to a crime scene). The three key objectives of this research are: 1) to depict three different kinds of crime event scenarios and analyze their space-time context; 2) to create space-time crime maps based on the three crime scenarios; and 3) to assess the usability of these crime maps for practical and research purposes.The use of geographic information systems and related mapping technologies facilitates law enforcement practice and research in understanding, analyzing, and addressing the spatial aspects of crime. For law enforcement practitioners the ability to visualize space-time data related to their cases should prove valuable. As these practitioners are better able to utilize innovative investigative tools, society will benefit by having more effective law enforcement systems. This research also contributes to pressing scientific questions as researchers struggle with various methods of representing geographic phenomena as real events that occur across time and space, rather than at single locations. To meet these challenges, this project examines the operational aspects of a space-time approach to mapping in the context of crime mapping. Finally, as a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award reinforces the beginning academic career of a strong independent researcher.

近年来，随着计算机技术的发展，使用数字地图来探索和分析犯罪空间的情况有了很大增长。发现犯罪热点、犯罪网络、犯罪流动和调查线索已成为研究人员和实践者在犯罪地图应用中的共同目标。虽然一些犯罪很容易通过传统的测绘方法来表示，但事实证明，其他犯罪很难用这种映射来表示。对于某些类型的犯罪(例如，在地铁上抢劫或身份盗窃)，罪犯和受害者进出犯罪空间的流动性对简单地图作为一种表示模式的可用性提出了挑战。由于这些犯罪事件发生在空间和时间上的巡回方式，它们不能用犯罪者和受害者互动的单一地点来表示。这些类型的犯罪事件需要一种新的方法来绘制犯罪空间图。因此，这项博士研究调查了一种绘制犯罪地图的方法的可用性，这种方法结合了空间和时间，用于在与事件相关的限制条件下(例如，犯罪现场的可达性)对受害者和犯罪者的流动性进行可视描述。这项研究的三个主要目标是：1)描绘三种不同的犯罪事件情景并分析其时空背景；2)基于三种犯罪情景创建时空犯罪地图；3)评估这些犯罪地图的实用性和研究目的。地理信息系统和相关地图技术的使用有助于执法实践和研究在了解、分析和解决犯罪的空间方面。对于执法人员来说，将与其案件有关的时空数据可视化的能力应该被证明是有价值的。由于这些从业人员能够更好地利用创新的调查工具，拥有更有效的执法系统将使社会受益。这项研究也为紧迫的科学问题做出了贡献，因为研究人员正在努力用各种方法将地理现象表现为跨越时间和空间发生的真实事件，而不是在单一地点。为了应对这些挑战，本项目在犯罪测绘的背景下审查了时空测绘的业务方面。最后，作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项加强了一个强大的独立研究人员的学术生涯的开端。