Arabidopsis 2010: Phylogenetic and Functional Analysis of Nuclear-encoded Editing Factors and their Chloroplast RNA Targets

拟南芥 2010：核编码编辑因子及其叶绿体 RNA 靶标的系统发育和功能分析

• 批准号: 0929423
• 负责人: Maureen Hanson
• 金额: $ 151.04万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-12-01 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929423&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arabidopsis; 2010; Phylogenetic; Functional; Analysis

Intellectual Merit. RNA editing modifies specific cytidines in angiosperm chloroplast transcripts to uridine. C-to-U editing is thought to function to correct detrimental T-to-C mutations in the chloroplast genome. Evolutionary processes have shaped the occurrence and molecular mechanism of RNA editing in chloroplasts since the phenomenon arose in an ancestor to extant seed plants. Genomic information available from Arabidopsis thaliana will provide a foundation for a phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast targets of editing and the members of the large nuclear-encoded pentatricopeptide motif-containing protein family that are required for editing site conversion. Additional editing factors will be identified in A. thaliana to gain a more comprehensive picture of the nuclear-encoded machinery devoted to chloroplast RNA editing. C-to-U editing events in members of the Brassicaceae will be identified for comparison to those occurring in A. thaliana. The loss and acquisition of C targets as well as nucleotide changes in the sequences surrounding them will be traced within the Brassicaceae. Sequences of three editing trans-factors will be analyzed in detail to understand how the rapidly evolving nuclear genes coevolve with the more slowly evolving chloroplast genes. Knowledge of nucleotide diversity in both the RNA editing targets and the corresponding trans-acting proteins will be used for functional tests of the consequences of evolutionary change in nuclear proteins and editing of chloroplast RNAs.Broader Impacts. Efficient capture of solar energy by chloroplasts is essential for optimal plant growth to provide biomass and other agricultural products. The project will provide fundamental information about an important molecular mechanism that corrects defects in the chloroplast genome that would otherwise impair photosynthetic activity. The project will provide multidisciplinary training for postdoctoral associates and a graduate student and 10-12 undergraduates at both Cornell University and University of California-Irvine (UCI). Topics related to project content will be developed by the co-P.I. and NSF GK-12 graduate student participants at UCI. Materials will be developed that K-12 classroom teachers will be able to implement in grade 7, 9 or AP biology classrooms and will be available through the UCI GK-12 web site (http://port.bio.uci.edu/NSF-GK-12/default.htm). The P.I. will assist the Cornell Institute for Biology Teachers in incorporating these materials into the comparable workshops that are periodically held at Cornell for K-12 teacher training.

智力优势。 RNA编辑将被子植物叶绿体转录物中的特定胞苷修饰为尿苷。C-to-U编辑被认为起着纠正叶绿体基因组中有害的T-to-C突变的作用。 进化过程塑造了叶绿体中RNA编辑的发生和分子机制，因为这种现象出现在现存种子植物的祖先中。 从拟南芥基因组信息将提供一个系统发育分析的叶绿体目标编辑和大的核编码的pentatricopeptide基序的蛋白质家族，编辑位点转换所需的成员的基础。 其他编辑因素将在A中确定。thaliana获得一个更全面的图片的核编码机制致力于叶绿体RNA编辑。 将鉴定出菊科成员中的C至U编辑事件，以与A中发生的那些进行比较。thaliana. C靶标的丢失和获得以及它们周围序列中的核苷酸变化将在拟南芥科中进行追踪。 将详细分析三个编辑反式因子的序列，以了解快速进化的核基因如何与进化较慢的叶绿体基因共同进化。 RNA编辑靶标和相应的反式作用蛋白的核苷酸多样性知识将用于核蛋白进化变化和叶绿体RNA编辑后果的功能测试。叶绿体对太阳能的有效捕获对于植物的最佳生长至关重要，以提供生物质和其他农产品。 该项目将提供有关一种重要分子机制的基本信息，这种机制可以纠正叶绿体基因组中的缺陷，否则这种缺陷会损害光合作用的活性。该项目将为康奈尔大学和加州大学欧文分校（UCI）的博士后助理和一名研究生以及10 - 12名本科生提供多学科培训。 与项目内容有关的主题将由共同项目主管拟订。和UCI的NSF GK-12研究生参与者。 将编写教材，供幼儿园至12年级教师在7年级、9年级或AP生物教室使用，并将通过UCI GK-12网站（http：//port.bio.uci.edu/NSF-GK-12/default.htm）提供。 私家侦探将协助康奈尔大学生物教师研究所将这些材料纳入定期在康奈尔大学举行的K-12教师培训的类似研讨会。