STTR Phase I: High Performance Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Devices.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。该小企业技术转让第一阶段项目探讨了纳米相混合离子/电子陶瓷（MIEC）导体作为电能存储（EES）设备中的功能电极的用途。MIEC导体是用于EES器件的有吸引力的候选者，因为它们的高电导率促进双层形成，并且它们的高离子电导率促进氧化还原化学。最近的研究表明，由于空间电荷或类似的效应，MIECs中的表面缺陷密度在纳米尺度上显著增强，这可以有效地用于电荷存储。该项目的目标是提供令人信服的定量概念证明纳米MIEC的能力，以提高现有材料的电荷存储。主要研究目标包括：（1）筛选MIEC导体的性能;（2）评估含有MIEC导体的电极;（3）评估原型EES器械;以及（4）优化电极和原型的性能。这些目标将通过以下方式实现：（1）合成和表征一系列MIEC;（2）制造含有MIEC的电极共混物;（3）评价电极性能和通过电化学方法进行分析;以及（4）构建/评价原型。预期成果包括使用具有增强电荷存储的MIECs开发伪电容器，具有更高功率和能量密度的新型混合电池配置，以及包含MIECs的原型。该项目将提高对离子材料纳米级特性的科学和首次技术理解，特别是增强表面缺陷密度对增加纳米MIECs电荷存储的影响和利用。该项目有望开发出包含MIEC的新型高性能EES器械。这些高性能器件非常重要，因为它们将为需要小型混合封装中的高能量和高功率的应用提供有用的解决方案。这些应用中最常用的是锂电池，但新的纳米MIEC技术提供了更快的充电/再充电和更长的循环寿命，可以在这些应用中补充或取代电池。预计市场包括运输（混合动力和全电动汽车），无绳电动工具和某些国防应用。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This Small Business Technology Transfer Phase I project explores the use of nanophase mixed ionic/electronic ceramic (MIEC) conductors as functional electrodes in electrical energy storage (EES) devices. MIEC conductors are attractive candidates for use in EES devices because their high electrical conductivity facilitates double-layer formation, and their high ionic conductivity facilitates redox chemistry. Recent studies suggest that surface defect density in MIECs is enhanced significantly at nanoscales owing to space-charge or similar effects which can be effectively utilized for charge storage. The goal of this project is to provide convincing quantitative proof of concept of nanoscale MIEC's ability to enhance charge storage above existing materials. Main research objectives include: (1) screen MIEC conductors for performance; (2) evaluate electrodes containing MIEC conductors; (3) evaluate prototype EES devices; and (4) optimize performance of electrodes and prototypes. These objectives will be accomplished by: (1) synthesis and characterization of a series of MIECs; (2) fabrication of electrode blends containing MIECs; (3) evaluation of electrode performance and analysis by electrochemical methods; and (4) construction/evaluation of prototypes. Anticipated results include development of pseudocapacitors using MIECs that exhibit enhanced charge storage, novel hybrid battery configurations with higher power and energy density, and their prototypes containing MIECs.This project will enhance scientific and first of a kind technological understanding of the nanoscale properties of ionic materials in particular the effect and utilization of enhanced surface defect density on increasing charge storage in nanoscale MIECs. The project is expected to lead to the development of new class of high-performance EES devices that contain MIECs. These high-performance devices are important because they would provide a useful solution to applications that require both high energy and high power in a small hybrid package. Oversized batteries are most commonly used in these applications, but the new nano-MIEC technology offers faster charge/recharge and longer cycle-life and could supplement or replace batteries in these applications. Anticipated markets include transportation (hybrid and all-electric vehicles), cordless power tools, and certain defense applications.