Theoretical and Experimental Study of Transport and Retention of Nanoparticles through Subsurface Porous Media

纳米颗粒通过地下多孔介质传输和保留的理论和实验研究

• 批准号: 0932686
• 负责人: Lian-Ping Wang
• 金额: $ 33万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0932686&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Theoretical; Experimental; Study; Transport; Retention

0932686WangAn understanding of the environmental, health, and safety implications of engineered nanomaterials is fundamental to the progression of the emerging field of nanotechnology. Engineered nanomaterials are being proposed for use for applications ranging from medicine to environmental cleanup, which will ultimately lead to their release into the environment, either directly or as waste. As many pollutants reach the aquatic environment it will become increasingly important to assess the environmental implications of nanoparticle release, including their potential impact on species within aquatic ecosystems. Many regulatory organizations are struggling to identify how to assess potential environmental impacts associated with nanomaterials as they exhibit properties that are distinct from their larger counterparts. Studies to date have focused on cellular toxicity rather than whole organism studies, and have included limited types of nanomaterials in any one study leading to difficulties in creating theories about how nanomaterial properties influence the interaction with key organisms. The PI's lab has found that nanomaterial composition and surface chemistry has an influence on the responses of the aquatic crustaceans in the genus Daphnia. Questions that need to be addressed include: A) Do nanomaterials with similar surface chemistry have similar impacts on aquatic organisms or is the composition of the core of the nanomaterial more important? B) How do different nanomaterials interact with the physiology of aquatic organisms? In this experiment, Daphnia pulex will be used as a model aquatic organism to conduct experiments on the impacts of various nanomaterials from molecular and physiological responses to population level responses. General toxicity experiments, physiological and behavioral assays will be used to determine the impact of exposure to several nanomaterials of differing chemical composition. Impacts of exposure on molecular physiology will be conducted using quantitative PCR of key genes as well as microarrays for global gene expression analysis. D. pulex is a model aquatic species for ecology and toxicology and is now a recognized model species for studies of the impact of environment changes on the genome. Using this species, results from nanoparticle experiments can be compared to genomic and toxicology information that has already been developed for other compounds and will take advantage of the resources available for this species.The objectives of this project are to determine the characteristics of nanomaterials that make them toxic to aquatic organisms, using Daphnia pulex as a model species. The ultimate goal will be to identify the ways in which nanomaterials may be developed to be less toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Specifically they will 1) determine the impact of changes in nanoparticle chemical structure and surface chemistry on the general toxicity to Daphnia pulex, 2) determine the potential sublethal impacts on reproduction, physiology, and behavior, and 3) determine the molecular effects of nanomaterials on Daphnia pulex by characterizing gene expression patterns specific to each exposure. This molecular data will provide an indication of the mechanism by which nanomaterials alter the physiology of aquatic invertebrates.The project proposed here will take a focused approach to examine how alterations in structure and surface chemistry of one class of nanomaterials (those based on fullerene carbon structures) will affect the interaction of a particle with the aquatic ecological, toxicological and genomic model species, Daphnia pulex. Taking this approach will provide insight into how structure and surface chemistry play a role in nanomaterial-organism interactions and will provide hypotheses with which to test with other types of particles with different core structures. The ultimate product will be not only toxicological data but a tool with which to evaluate other nanomaterials. In addition the project will provide a means to train students in an interdisciplinary manner that is requisite for understanding the environmental implications of nanotechnology.

对工程纳米材料的环境、健康和安全影响的理解是新兴纳米技术领域发展的基础。工程纳米材料被提议用于从医学到环境清理的应用，这最终将导致它们直接或作为废物释放到环境中。 随着许多污染物进入水环境，评估纳米颗粒释放的环境影响将变得越来越重要，包括其对水生生态系统中物种的潜在影响。 许多监管组织正在努力确定如何评估与纳米材料相关的潜在环境影响，因为它们表现出与较大的对应物不同的特性。 迄今为止的研究主要集中在细胞毒性而不是整个生物体研究上，并且在任何一项研究中包括有限类型的纳米材料，导致难以建立关于纳米材料特性如何影响与关键生物体相互作用的理论。 PI的实验室发现，纳米材料的组成和表面化学对水蚤属水生甲壳类动物的反应有影响。 需要解决的问题包括：A）具有相似表面化学性质的纳米材料是否对水生生物具有相似的影响，或者纳米材料核心的组成是否更重要？ B）不同的纳米材料如何与水生生物的生理学相互作用？ 在本实验中，蚤状水蚤将被用作模式水生生物，对各种纳米材料的影响进行实验，从分子和生理反应到种群水平的反应。 将使用一般毒性实验、生理和行为分析来确定接触不同化学成分的几种纳米材料的影响。 将使用关键基因的定量PCR以及用于全局基因表达分析的微阵列来进行暴露对分子生理学的影响。D.蚤属是生态学和毒理学的模式水生物种，现在是研究环境变化对基因组影响的公认模式物种。 使用这个物种，从纳米粒子实验的结果可以比较基因组和毒理学信息，已经开发的其他化合物，并将利用现有的资源，为这个species.The项目的目标是确定纳米材料的特性，使他们有毒的水生生物，使用蚤状水蚤作为模式物种。 最终目标将是确定开发纳米材料的方法，以降低对水生无脊椎动物的毒性。 具体而言，他们将1）确定纳米颗粒化学结构和表面化学变化对蚤状蚤一般毒性的影响，2）确定对生殖、生理和行为的潜在亚致死影响，3）通过表征每次暴露的特定基因表达模式来确定纳米材料对蚤状蚤的分子效应。 该分子数据将提供纳米材料改变水生无脊椎动物生理学的机制的指示。这里提议的项目将采取重点方法来研究一类纳米材料（基于富勒烯碳结构的纳米材料）的结构和表面化学的改变如何影响颗粒与水生生态、毒理学和基因组模式物种Daphnia pulex的相互作用。 采取这种方法将提供深入了解结构和表面化学如何在纳米材料-生物体相互作用中发挥作用，并将提供假设，以测试具有不同核心结构的其他类型的颗粒。 最终产品将不仅是毒理学数据，而且是评估其他纳米材料的工具。此外，该项目将提供一种手段，以跨学科的方式培训学生，这是了解纳米技术对环境的影响所必需的。