Generation, Characterization, and Atmospheric Aging of Soot Particles from Diesel Combustion

柴油燃烧产生的烟灰颗粒的生成、表征和大气老化

• 批准号: 0932705
• 负责人: Renyi Zhang
• 金额: $ 33万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0932705&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Generation; Characterization; Atmospheric; Aging; Soot

0932705Zhang Soot aerosol produced from diesel combustion represents one of the major forms of particulate matter pollution, profoundly impacting human health, weather, and climate. However, few experimental studies have been carried out to investigate their transformation and associated variations in chemical and physical properties, because of difficulties in generation and sampling of diesel soot particles under controlled laboratory conditions. In this project, a novel approach using a shock tube is explored to generate soot to mimic diesel-engine combustion. Laboratory experiments are designed to simulate atmospheric aging of diesel soot aerosols by exposure to condensable gas-phase species (such as sulfuric acid and carboxylic acids) and semi-volatile organic compounds generated from oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds. The changes in morphology, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of diesel soot aerosols during internal mixing are measured using a suite of aerosol analytical instruments. The research is expected to provide important information on the particle mass-size relationship, internal mixing of soot with atmospherically important inorganic and organic species, and variations of hygroscopicity and optical properties of diesel soot during atmospheric aging. Results generated from this proposed research can benefit experimental studies, model simulations, and ambient measurements of soot-containing aerosols. The results on chemical and physical properties of soot aerosols can be incorporated into atmospheric models to evaluate their effects on weather and climate. The information on the morphology and chemical compositions of soot aerosols can also be employed to assess human-health effects including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.A better understanding of production and atmospheric transformation of soot aerosols helps to reduce uncertainties in climate prediction and assessment of human health effects, which are important for development of control strategies. Hence, this research is expected not only to advance our knowledge of generation, transformation, and chemical compositions and contribute to improved model simulations and ambient measurements of soot aerosols, but also to be beneficial to the public by identification of potential health issues and to policy decision-makers for development of effective particulate-matter control strategies. The multidisciplinary nature of this project combines expertise of combustion researchers and atmospheric aerosol chemists. The project provides interdisciplinary research opportunities for undergraduate students, graduate students, and post-doctoral researchers in the areas of mechanical engineering and atmospheric sciences. They are expected to present their work at conferences and build connections within the two scientific communities as part of their education and training on global environmental change research.

0932705 Zhang柴油机燃烧产生的煤烟气溶胶是颗粒物污染的主要形式之一，对人类健康、天气和气候产生深远影响。然而，很少有实验研究已经进行了调查其转化和相关的化学和物理性质的变化，因为在受控的实验室条件下的柴油机烟尘颗粒的生成和采样的困难。在这个项目中，一种新的方法，使用激波管的探索，以产生碳烟模拟柴油发动机燃烧。实验室实验的目的是模拟大气老化的柴油烟尘气溶胶暴露于可冷凝的气相物种（如硫酸和羧酸）和半挥发性有机化合物的氧化产生的人为和生物的挥发性有机化合物。利用一套气溶胶分析仪器测量了柴油机碳烟气溶胶在内部混合过程中的形态、吸湿性和光学性质的变化。该研究有望提供重要的信息，颗粒质量尺寸的关系，内部混合的碳烟与大气中重要的无机和有机物种，以及在大气老化过程中的吸湿性和光学性质的柴油机碳烟。从这项拟议的研究产生的结果可以有益于实验研究，模型模拟和环境测量含烟尘气溶胶。煤烟气溶胶的化学和物理性质的研究结果可以纳入大气模式，以评估其对天气和气候的影响。煤烟气溶胶的形态和化学成分信息还可用于评估呼吸系统和心血管疾病等人体健康效应，更好地了解煤烟气溶胶的产生和大气转化过程有助于减少气候预测和人体健康效应评估的不确定性，对制定控制策略具有重要意义。因此，这项研究预计不仅要推进我们的知识的生成，转化和化学成分，并有助于改善模型模拟和环境测量烟尘气溶胶，但也是有益的公众识别潜在的健康问题和政策决策者制定有效的颗粒物控制策略。该项目的多学科性质结合了燃烧研究人员和大气气溶胶化学家的专业知识。该项目为机械工程和大气科学领域的本科生、研究生和博士后研究人员提供跨学科研究机会。预计他们将在会议上介绍其工作，并在两个科学界建立联系，作为其全球环境变化研究教育和培训的一部分。