CEDAR: Characterization of Upper Atmospheric Effects of Hurricanes

飓风是最强的重复性天气事件之一，在重新分配大气能量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。该项目将研究飓风引起的地球表面上方数十公里高空大气的变化。卫星观测和数学模型将被用来描述飓风对大气的影响，方法是对风、温度和大气波浪的变化进行前所未有的详细量化。更好地了解飓风造成的大气变化对科学界和普通公众都有重要好处。这项研究可促进空间飓风预测，并为减轻这些灾难性事件对人类活动和技术系统的潜在影响的努力提供信息。这些活动将使乔治梅森大学内外的科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)教育受益。该项目将支持一名研究生，并为几名本科生提供暑期实习机会。该项目制作的研究材料将被纳入国际和平研究所教授的各种课程，并将在一个网站上与更广泛的社区共享。PI和这名研究生计划访问当地的一所社区大学，以促进科学。该项目是对飓风引起的高层大气变化的观测和模拟研究。来自COSMIC-2、ICON、GOLD和TIMED的一系列卫星观测将被用来描述飓风期间热层-电离层中中性温度、水平风、O/N_2和电子密度的变化，并量化相关的重力波(GW)活动。为了帮助解释飓风期间观测到的大尺度大气GW活动的行为，该小组将进行从对流层顶到热层的大气环流模式模拟，受到MERRA-2下边界强迫的驱动，并纳入亚网格尺度的重力波。总体而言，这项工作旨在对飓风引起的低层大气和高层大气之间的垂直耦合提供有意义的见解。正在研究的专题包括：(1)飓风对热层平均结构和变异性的影响；(2)飓风期间重力波活动的特征；(3)飓风期间重力波的传播、消散及其在热层中产生的动力和热效应。这项观测工作可能有助于改进提取GW信号的程序，作为高层大气飓风强度演变的替代。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Hurricanes are among the most powerful recurring weather events and play a crucial role in redistributing atmospheric energy. This project will study hurricane-induced changes in the upper atmosphere, tens of kilometers above the Earth’s surface. Satellite observations as well as mathematical models will be used to characterize the impact of hurricanes on the atmosphere by quantifying changes in winds, temperature, and atmospheric waves in unprecedented detail. Gaining a better understanding of atmospheric changes caused by hurricanes has important benefits for both the scientific community and the general public. This research can contribute to space-born hurricane prediction and inform efforts to mitigate the potential impacts of these disastrous events on human activities and technological systems. The activities will benefit Science Technology Engineering and Math (STEM) education within and beyond George Mason University. This project will support a graduate student and provide summer internships to several undergraduate students. The research material produced in this project will be integrated into various courses taught by the PI and will be shared on a website with the broader community. The PI and the graduate student plan on visiting a local community college to promote science. This project is an observational and modeling study of hurricane-induced changes in the upper atmosphere. A suite of satellite observations from COSMIC-2, ICON, GOLD, and TIMED will be used to characterize variations in neutral temperature, horizontal winds, O/N2, and electron density in the thermosphere-ionosphere during hurricanes, and to quantify the associated Gravity Wave (GW) activity. To aid the interpretation of the observed behavior of the large-scale atmosphere GW activity during hurricanes, the team will perform general circulation model simulations from the tropopause to the thermosphere, driven by MERRA-2 lower boundary forcing and incorporating subgrid-scale gravity waves. Overall, this work aims to offer meaningful insight into hurricane-induced vertical coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere. Topics under study include (1) the influence of hurricanes on the mean structure and variability of the thermosphere, (2) the characterization of gravity wave activity during hurricanes, and (3) propagation, dissipation of gravity waves and the resulting dynamical and thermal effects in the thermosphere during hurricanes. The observational work could be useful in helping refine the procedure of retrieving GW signatures as a proxy for hurricane intensity evolution in the upper atmosphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.