Enhancing phytoremediation through callus-culture induced variations in wetland plants

0933299Reinhold智慧型功绩。为了使人工处理湿地能够有效地修复地表水和被难降解的有机污染物和新出现的有机污染物混合污染的废水，湿地植物的高效强化是非常必要的。组织培养诱导变异为植物改良提供了一个理想的选择；然而，利用选择性的组织培养诱导变异在湿地植物中进行植物改良还没有被探索过。因此，本研究的目的是确定组织培养诱导的变异在生产具有增强植物修复能力的湿地植物方面的效率，该湿地植物以斑点石竹(浮萍)和香蒲(香茅)为模式植物。这项拟议的研究将评估一个中心假设，即湿地植物组织培养过程中有机污染物的抑制浓度将产生具有增强植物修复能力的再生植物。这项拟议研究背后的理由是，开发具有增强植物修复能力的湿地植物将提高人工处理湿地回收受污染水域的能力，改善生态系统健康，同时减少供人类使用的清洁水的短缺。这项拟议的研究将评估组织培养诱导的变异产生具有增强植物修复能力的植物的可能性，具体目的是：(I)评估抑制和污染物暴露在产生斑点石斑菌和T。具有增强植物修复特性的组织培养。(Ii)比较在抑制和非抑制介质上组织培养和从组织培养再生的整株植物中对模型有机污染物(3-三氟甲基苯酚)的植物修复能力的增强。(Iii)评估对3-三氟甲基苯酚具有增强植物修复能力的植物中卤代酚的植物毒性、吸收和植物代谢，以评估增强植物对多种污染物的植物修复能力是否增强。这项研究将采用评估抑制敏感性降低和吸收和植物代谢速率增加的方法来评估组织培养和整个植物在抑制和非抑制条件下因组织培养诱导的变异而产生的植物修复能力。这项拟议的研究具有原创性，利用有机污染物的解毒和植物代谢之间的联系，创造了一种广泛适用的方法，以增强湿地植物的植物修复能力，而不包括基因工程，从而增加了所培育植物的潜在适用性。预计研究将产生以下成果：(I)具有增强植物修复能力的马尾松和宽叶植物，(Ii)通过组织培养诱导变异来增强湿地植物的方案，这些变异可以扩大到包括广泛的有机污染物和植物物种，以及(Iii)关于抑制、污染物暴露和物种对生产具有增强植物修复能力的植物的影响的宝贵知识。总体而言，这项研究具有重要意义，因为它开创了一种新的方法来加强湿地植物的植物修复，并对设计用于处理有机污染物的创新湿地系统产生了影响。这项研究将通过整合发现和教学、参与代表不足的群体、广泛传播结果以及应对环境和社会挑战来广泛影响社会和科学。这项研究将吸引和培训一名研究生和至少两名本科生进行超越工程学和生物学的积极研究，同时为环境工程师开发植物组织培养的教材，以促进跨学科学习。这个项目将让“尚未决定”的工程专业女学生参与研究，以鼓励对工程事业的承诺和发展。研究和教育成果将通过学术途径广泛传播，包括期刊出版物和会议，以及公共途径，包括与密歇根州环境顾问建立网络联系，并通过公众可获得的服务发布教育成果。最后，通过减少人工处理湿地中采用强化湿地植物的障碍，拟议的研究将解决三个突出的环境和社会挑战？社会和生态系统的清洁水短缺、能源成本增加以及与废水处理有关的温室气体增加，以及新出现的污染物对地表水的微量污染

0933299ReinholdIntellectual Merit. For constructed treatment wetlands to effectively phytoremediate surface waters and wastewaters polluted with complex mixtures of recalcitrant and emerging organic pollutants, procedures for efficient enhancement in wetland plants are greatly needed. Tissue-culture induced variations provide a desirable alternative for plant enhancement; however, use of selective, tissue-culture induced variations for plant enhancement has not been explored in wetland plants. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the efficiency of tissue-culture induced variations in producing wetlands plants with enhanced phytoremediation capabilities utilizing Landoltia punctata (duckweed) and Typha latfolia (cattail) as model wetland plants. The proposed research will evaluate the central hypothesis that inhibitory concentrations of organic pollutants during tissue culture of wetland plants will produce regenerated plants with enhanced phytoremediation capabilities. The rationale behind the proposed research is that development of wetland plants with enhanced phytoremediation capabilities will increase the capabilities of constructed treatment wetlands to reclaim polluted waters, improving ecosystem health while decreasing shortages of clean waters for human use. The proposed research will evaluate the potential for tissue-culture induced variations to generate plants with enhanced phytoremediation capabilities, with the specific aims of:(i) Evaluating the role of inhibition and pollutant exposure in producing L. punctata andT. latifolia tissue cultures with enhanced phytoremediation traits.(ii) Comparing enhancement of phytoremediation capabilities with regards to a model organic pollutant (3-trifluoromethylphenol) in tissue cultures and whole plants regenerated from tissue cultures on inhibitory and non-inhibitory media. (iii) Assessing phytotoxicity, uptake, and phytometabolism of halogenated phenols in plants with enhanced phytoremediation capabilities for 3-trifluoromethylphenol to evaluate whether enhanced plants possess enhanced phytoremediation capabilities for multiple pollutants. The research will employ methods to evaluate decreased susceptibility to inhibition and increased rates of uptake and phytometabolism to assess phytoremediation capabilities of tissues cultures and whole plants resulting from tissue-culture induced variations under inhibitory and non-inhibitory conditions. The proposed research is original by capitalizing on the link between detoxification and phytometabolism of organic pollutants to create a broadly-applicable method for enhancing wetland plants for phytoremediation that does not include genetic engineering, thereby increasing the potential applicability of the produced plants. Research is expected to yield the following outcomes: (i) L. punctata and T. latifolia plants with enhanced phytoremediation capabilities, (ii) protocols for enhancement of wetland plants via tissue-culture induced variations that can be expanded to include a broad range of organic pollutants and plant species, and(iii) valuable knowledge on effects of inhibition, pollutant exposure, and species on producing plants with enhanced phytoremediation capabilities. Overall, the research is significant because it creates a new approach to enhance wetland plants for phytoremediation with implications for design of innovative wetland systems for treatment of organic pollutants.The research will broadly impact society and science through integrating discovery and teaching, engaging underrepresented groups, broadly disseminating results, and addressing environmental and social challenges. The research will engage and train one graduate student and at least two undergraduate students in active research that transcends engineering and biology, while developing instructional materials on plant tissue culture for environmental engineers to promote interdisciplinary learning. This project will involve "undecided" female engineering students in research to encourage commitment to and development of engineering careers. Research and educational outcomes will be broadly disseminated through academic avenues, including journal publications and conferences, and public avenues, including networking with Michigan environmental consultants and publishing of educational outcomes through publicly-accessible services. Finally, by reducing barriers to adoption of enhanced wetland plants in constructed treatment wetlands, proposed research will attend to three eminent environmental and societal challenges ? shortages of clean water for society and ecosystems, increasing energy costs and greenhouse gases associated with wastewater treatment, and trace contamination of surface waters with emerging pollutants