EFRI-HyBi: Maximizing Conversion of Biomass Carbon to Liquid Fuel

项目名称：Rakesh AgrawalInstitution: Purdue university提案编号：0938033 EFRI-HyBi：最大限度地将生物质碳转化为液体燃料该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。知识价值：迄今为止，所有生物质转化过程都局限于转化为液体燃料的纤维素衍生碳的部分。基于木质纤维素碳的总质量和目前的转化过程，碳回收到燃料的比例限制在40%以下。为了尽量减少种植生物质所需的土地面积来满足我们的国家？为了减少运输部门对液体燃料的需求，将生物质碳转化为液体燃料的效率最大化是至关重要的。为此，设想使用催化剂协同开发热转化过程，优化木质纤维素生物质的结构和组成，直接生产高能量密度液体燃料。如果不能优化直接转化，生物质的除氧将得到改善，以获得可能进一步精制的生物原油。初步数据表明，在热解条件下，生物质的反应产物依赖于细胞壁组成和结构。这项工作的基础是假设壁面结构中关键分子键的改变将降低生产生物油所需的温度（能量输入），并改变在新温度下加氢热解过程中释放的分子种类的分布。该提案的智力价值在于每个领域的基础知识的协同发展：(i)使用快速加氢热解和原位加氢脱氧（HDO）进行生物质转化的化学过程，（ii）适当的催化剂开发以提高热反应的活性和选择性；(3)为快速加氢热解/HDO的最终用途定制生物质工程的基因发现；(4)建立低能量投入和低补充氢消耗的小型分布式工厂的科技知识基础，避免生物质的长距离运输。对所有这些方面的并行研究将揭示以前从未见过的能量密集液体燃料分子生产的协同作用。这个多元化的团队汇集了植物基因组学、反应工程、催化、过程系统分析、化学和化学工程方面的专家，创建了一个跨学科的知识库，以提高生物燃料生产的碳和能源效率。更广泛的影响：拟议的研究和由此产生的技术将在多个层面产生影响。他们将在整个生物质碳转化为液体燃料的过程中引入新的和变革性的概念，并将创造将生物质的物理和化学结构与使用快速氢热解/ HDO的转化过程联系起来的科学知识。利用玉米突变体、转基因株系、多样性株系及其重组自交系，可以快速鉴定控制影响转化效率的理想品质性状的基因，以便将来转化为各种能源作物。该项目的成功成果将导致小型分布式工厂的发展，这些工厂将在全球范围内对环境、商业和经济产生影响。研究结果将通过会议、期刊文章和互联网传播，并将其纳入普渡大学的各种能源相关课程和讲座中。研究机会将提供给本科生和研究生，并通过普渡大学现有的外展项目提供。ppi将向化工和能源公司传播信息并与之接触，以促进未来的实施，从而加速经济影响。

Abstract PI Name: Rakesh AgrawalInstitution: Purdue UniversityProposal Number: 0938033 EFRI-HyBi: Maximizing Conversion of Biomass Carbon to Liquid FuelThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)Intellectual Merit: To date, all biomass conversion processes are limited in the fraction of lignocellulosic-derived carbon that is converted to liquid fuel. Based on total lignocellulosic carbon mass and current conversion processes, the carbon recovery into fuel is limited to less than 40%. In order to minimize the land area needed to grow biomass to meet our nation?s liquid fuel demand for the transportation sector, it is essential that the efficiency of conversion of biomass carbon to liquid fuel be maximized. To this end the synergistic development of a thermal conversion process using catalysts is envisioned, with optimized structures and composition of lignocellulosic biomass, to yield directly high-energy density liquid fuels. If direct conversion cannot be optimized, oxygen removal from the biomass will be improved for a bio-crude that may be further refined. Preliminary data indicate a dependence on cell wall composition and structure for the reaction products of biomass in pyrolytic conditions. The basis for the work is the hypothesis that modification of key molecular bonds in wall architecture will reduce the temperature (energy input) required to produce a bio-oil and also change the distribution of molecular species released during hydropyrolysis at the new temperature. The intellectual merit of this proposal resides in the synergistic development of fundamental knowledge in each of the areas: (i) a chemical process using fast-hydropyrolysis along with in-situ hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) for biomass conversion, (ii) suitable catalyst development to enhance activity and selectivity of the thermal reactions; (iii) gene discovery for engineering of biomass tailored for its end-use in fast-hydropyrolysis/HDO, (iv) scientific and technical knowledge base to build small-scale distributed plants with low energy inputs and low supplemental hydrogen consumption, avoiding transportation of biomass over long distances. Study of all these aspects in parallel will reveal synergies for the production of energy-dense liquid fuel molecules that have not been seen before. The diverse team brings together experts in plant genomics, reaction engineering, catalysis, process systems analysis, chemistry and chemical engineering to create an interdisciplinary knowledge base that transforms the carbon and energy efficiencies of biofuels production.Broader impact: The proposed research and resulting technologies will have impact at multiple levels. They will introduce new and transformative concepts in the conversion of the entire biomass carbon to liquid fuel and will create scientific knowledge linking the physical and chemical structure of biomass to the conversion process using fasthydropyrolysis/ HDO. The use of maize mutants, transgenic lines, and diversity lines and their recombinant inbreds will allow rapid identification of genes controlling desirable quality traits that impact conversion efficiency for future translation to a variety of energy crops. Successful outcomes from the project will lead to the development of small distributed scale plants that will have environmental, commercial and economic impact of global proportions. The research results will be disseminated through conferences, journal articles, and the internet and by their incorporation in various energy-related courses and lectures at Purdue. Research opportunities will be provided to undergraduate and graduate students, and provided through existing outreach programs at Purdue. The PIs will disseminate information to and engage with chemical and energy companies to facilitate future implementation and thereby accelerate economic impact.