EFRI-HyBi: Maximizing Conversion of Biomass Carbon to Liquid Fuel

摘要PI名称：Rakesh Agraval机构：普渡大学提案编号：0938033 EFRI-HyBi：最大限度地将生物质碳转化为液体燃料该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的知识产权：迄今为止，所有生物质转化过程都局限于转化为液体燃料的木质纤维素衍生碳的部分。基于总木质纤维素碳质量和当前的转化工艺，将碳回收到燃料中被限制为小于40%。为了最大限度地减少土地面积所需的增长生物质，以满足我们的国家？鉴于运输部门对液体燃料的需求，必须最大限度地提高生物质碳转化为液体燃料的效率。为此，设想了使用催化剂的热转化过程的协同发展，其中优化了木质纤维素生物质的结构和组成，以直接产生高能量密度液体燃料。如果不能优化直接转化，则对于可进一步精炼的生物原油，将改善从生物质的氧去除。初步数据表明，在热解条件下的生物质的反应产物的细胞壁的组成和结构的依赖。这项工作的基础是假设壁结构中关键分子键的修饰将降低生产生物油所需的温度（能量输入），并且还改变在新温度下加氢热解期间释放的分子种类的分布。该建议的智力价值在于协同发展每个领域的基础知识：（i）使用快速加氢热解沿着原位加氢脱氧（HDO）进行生物质转化的化学方法，（ii）开发合适的催化剂以提高热反应的活性和选择性;（iii）基因发现，用于为生物质在快速加氢热解/HDO中的最终用途而定制的生物质工程，（iv）建立科学和技术知识基础，以建立低能量投入和低补充氢消耗的小规模分布式工厂，避免长距离运输生物质。对所有这些方面的平行研究将揭示出以前从未见过的高能量液体燃料分子生产的协同作用。这个多元化的团队汇集了植物基因组学、反应工程、催化、过程系统分析、化学和化学工程方面的专家，创建了一个跨学科的知识库，以改变生物燃料生产的碳和能源效率。更广泛的影响：拟议的研究和产生的技术将在多个层面产生影响。他们将在将整个生物质碳转化为液体燃料方面引入新的变革性概念，并将创造将生物质的物理和化学结构与使用快速热解/ HDO的转化过程联系起来的科学知识。玉米突变体、转基因品系和多样性品系及其重组近交系的使用将允许快速鉴定控制期望的质量性状的基因，所述质量性状影响将来翻译成各种能源作物的转化效率。该项目的成功成果将导致小型分布式工厂的发展，这些工厂将产生全球范围的环境，商业和经济影响。研究结果将通过会议，期刊文章和互联网传播，并将其纳入普渡大学的各种能源相关课程和讲座。研究机会将提供给本科生和研究生，并通过普渡大学现有的外展计划提供。PI将向化学和能源公司传播信息并与之合作，以促进未来的实施，从而加速经济影响。

Abstract PI Name: Rakesh AgrawalInstitution: Purdue UniversityProposal Number: 0938033 EFRI-HyBi: Maximizing Conversion of Biomass Carbon to Liquid FuelThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)Intellectual Merit: To date, all biomass conversion processes are limited in the fraction of lignocellulosic-derived carbon that is converted to liquid fuel. Based on total lignocellulosic carbon mass and current conversion processes, the carbon recovery into fuel is limited to less than 40%. In order to minimize the land area needed to grow biomass to meet our nation?s liquid fuel demand for the transportation sector, it is essential that the efficiency of conversion of biomass carbon to liquid fuel be maximized. To this end the synergistic development of a thermal conversion process using catalysts is envisioned, with optimized structures and composition of lignocellulosic biomass, to yield directly high-energy density liquid fuels. If direct conversion cannot be optimized, oxygen removal from the biomass will be improved for a bio-crude that may be further refined. Preliminary data indicate a dependence on cell wall composition and structure for the reaction products of biomass in pyrolytic conditions. The basis for the work is the hypothesis that modification of key molecular bonds in wall architecture will reduce the temperature (energy input) required to produce a bio-oil and also change the distribution of molecular species released during hydropyrolysis at the new temperature. The intellectual merit of this proposal resides in the synergistic development of fundamental knowledge in each of the areas: (i) a chemical process using fast-hydropyrolysis along with in-situ hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) for biomass conversion, (ii) suitable catalyst development to enhance activity and selectivity of the thermal reactions; (iii) gene discovery for engineering of biomass tailored for its end-use in fast-hydropyrolysis/HDO, (iv) scientific and technical knowledge base to build small-scale distributed plants with low energy inputs and low supplemental hydrogen consumption, avoiding transportation of biomass over long distances. Study of all these aspects in parallel will reveal synergies for the production of energy-dense liquid fuel molecules that have not been seen before. The diverse team brings together experts in plant genomics, reaction engineering, catalysis, process systems analysis, chemistry and chemical engineering to create an interdisciplinary knowledge base that transforms the carbon and energy efficiencies of biofuels production.Broader impact: The proposed research and resulting technologies will have impact at multiple levels. They will introduce new and transformative concepts in the conversion of the entire biomass carbon to liquid fuel and will create scientific knowledge linking the physical and chemical structure of biomass to the conversion process using fasthydropyrolysis/ HDO. The use of maize mutants, transgenic lines, and diversity lines and their recombinant inbreds will allow rapid identification of genes controlling desirable quality traits that impact conversion efficiency for future translation to a variety of energy crops. Successful outcomes from the project will lead to the development of small distributed scale plants that will have environmental, commercial and economic impact of global proportions. The research results will be disseminated through conferences, journal articles, and the internet and by their incorporation in various energy-related courses and lectures at Purdue. Research opportunities will be provided to undergraduate and graduate students, and provided through existing outreach programs at Purdue. The PIs will disseminate information to and engage with chemical and energy companies to facilitate future implementation and thereby accelerate economic impact.