RAPID: The Impact of Stimulus Spending on Energy Efficiency in a Low-Income Dallas Neighborhood: Implications for Science Policy

RAPID：刺激支出对达拉斯低收入社区能源效率的影响：对科学政策的影响

• 批准号: 0943449
• 负责人: James Murdoch
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Dallas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0943449&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Impact; Stimulus; Spending; Energy

An important part of the science stimulus is to improve household energy efficiency. However, the effective implementation of such policy requires understanding how individuals and households behave in response to economic incentives. The research advances knowledge about the way improvements in the energy efficiency of residential homes impact the actual consumption of energy by residents. Without knowledge of the behavioral factors that influence energy consumption, policymakers may underestimate the results of science policy programs that are designed to conserve energy. There are multiple ways in which the research provides an important advance in understanding what financial and behavioral factors influence the extent to which low income people take advantage of government energy programs.At the micro level, the research addresses such questions as whether risk-averse individuals are particularly reluctant to participate in incentive programs, possibly because they have few margins on which to reduce their consumption. The research also further advances the scientific understanding of the impact of unintended consequences. For example, increasing the efficiency of air conditioning systems, may reduce the amount of time individuals spend on their porch or in their front yards, and negatively affect neighborhood unity and safety. Similarly, increasing car fuel efficiency may increase the likelihood of driving with consequent negative impacts on health outcomes.The research may also provide scientific guidance for program implementation, in that it can measure organizational trust (and provide guidance about which governmental unit should implement policy), individual time preference (and provide guidance about whether up-front expenditures that are subsequently reimbursed are more effective than expenditures which involve no out-of-pocket expenses) and measures of social preference (whether households participate out of self-interest, local altruism or larger-scale altruism). The project builds on an existing NSF funded project infrastructure that collects baseline and post-ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act) energy usage data for a sample of households in a low-income neighborhood of Dallas, TX. For a subset of households, the study also includes collection of individual-level measures of preferences, derived from economic experiments, including risk, time, and cooperative preferences, as well as measures of trust in individuals and institutions. The study combines these with the measures of energy usage to help understand the source of unintended consequences.The research has a number of broader impacts. It advances the scientific understanding of how to design energy efficiency programs funded by AARA by adding a behavioral dimension to the evaluation of science policy. The research also investigates the behavior of residents in a low-income urban neighborhood and advances understanding of the preferences of this understudied demographic segment.

科学刺激的一个重要部分是提高家庭能源效率。然而，这种政策的有效实施需要了解个人和家庭如何对经济激励做出反应。这项研究促进了人们对住宅能效提高如何影响居民实际能源消耗的了解。如果不了解影响能源消耗的行为因素，政策制定者可能会低估旨在节约能源的科学政策项目的结果。在理解金融和行为因素对低收入者利用政府能源计划的影响程度方面，这项研究通过多种方式提供了重要的进展。在微观层面，这项研究解决了这样的问题，即厌恶风险的个人是否特别不愿参与激励计划，可能是因为他们几乎没有减少消费的利润率。这项研究还进一步推进了对意外后果影响的科学理解。例如，提高空调系统的效率，可能会减少个人在门廊或前院花费的时间，并对社区的团结和安全产生负面影响。同样，提高汽车燃油效率可能会增加驾驶的可能性，从而对健康结果产生负面影响。研究还可能为项目实施提供科学指导，因为它可以衡量组织信任(并就哪个政府单位应该实施政策提供指导)、个人时间偏好(并提供关于随后得到报销的前期支出是否比不涉及自付费用的支出更有效的指导)以及社会偏好的衡量标准(家庭参与是出于自身利益、局部利他主义还是更大规模的利他主义)。该项目建立在现有的NSF资助的项目基础设施的基础上，该基础设施收集德克萨斯州达拉斯低收入社区家庭样本的基线和ARRA(美国复苏和再投资法案)后的能源使用数据。对于一部分家庭，这项研究还包括收集从经济实验中得出的个人层面的偏好衡量标准，包括风险、时间和合作偏好，以及对个人和机构的信任衡量标准。这项研究将这些与能源使用的测量相结合，以帮助理解意外结果的来源。这项研究具有许多更广泛的影响。它通过在科学政策的评估中加入行为维度，促进了对如何设计由AARA资助的能效项目的科学理解。这项研究还调查了低收入城市社区居民的行为，并促进了对这一未被研究的人口部分的偏好的理解。