AOC: Publicly Driven Investment, Neighborhood Change and Household Behavior

AOC：公共驱动的投资、社区变化和家庭行为

• 批准号: 0827350
• 负责人: James Murdoch
• 金额: $ 100.02万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Dallas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0827350&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: AOC; Publicly; Driven; Investment; Neighborhood

Broad changes in urban structure have caused increased concentrations of poverty in the United States. Research over the last 25 years has demonstrated effects of neighborhood context on individual and social outcomes, including educational performance and attainment, risky behavior and health, child bearing, and family structure and decision making. In response, extensive local public policy and investment has been directed at low income neighborhoods, often called economic or community "development," with the goal of changing neighborhoods and improving individual well being. However, there has been little scientific research on the impact of these investments and policies. Previous studies have compared outcomes in different neighborhoods, or studied people who move from one neighborhood to another. This study focuses on the same neighborhood before and after significant publicly-driven investment.In the study, observations of neighborhood conditions, responses on household surveys, results from economic experiments, reports from students, parents and teachers, and administrative school district data are collected. This study exploits geographic location to test how publicly-driven investment changes the physical and social landscape of a neighborhood and the well-being of its residents. This study takes advantage of a unique opportunity to study a poor neighborhood in Dallas, Texas that will experience significant public investment within the next five years, including a light rail project that will bring three stations. In addition, transit oriented development zoning, philanthropic and nonprofit activities, a HOPE VI award, and tax increment financing districts will encourage private investors to develop the neighborhood. We expect that these projects will drive significant change especially around the stations, while change will be less dramatic as distance from the stations increases, creating "treatment and control groups" for comparison and implementing a scientifically valid study. The neighborhood is primarily African-American and Hispanic and the research involves African-American and Hispanic student research assistants for data collection and research support. Additionally, community-based workers participate in the collection of data. Our documentation of the impacts of publicly-driven investment in a poor urban neighborhood will yield valuable insights to city planners and policy makers. The data is of interest to other social and behavioral scientists, including researchers in public health, education, and many other fields. The results illuminate the costs and benefits of public investment for neighborhood change.

城市结构的广泛变化导致美国贫困人口日益集中。过去25年的研究已经证明了邻里环境对个人和社会结果的影响，包括教育表现和成就，危险行为和健康，生育以及家庭结构和决策。 作为回应，广泛的地方公共政策和投资一直针对低收入社区，通常被称为经济或社区“发展”，目标是改变社区和改善个人福祉。然而，关于这些投资和政策的影响的科学研究很少。以前的研究比较了不同社区的结果，或者研究了从一个社区搬到另一个社区的人。 本研究以公共投资前后的同一个社区为研究对象，收集了社区状况观察、住户调查、经济实验结果、学生、家长和教师的报告以及行政学区的数据。 这项研究利用地理位置来测试公共驱动的投资如何改变社区的物理和社会景观及其居民的福祉。 这项研究利用了一个独特的机会，研究了德克萨斯州达拉斯的一个贫困社区，该社区将在未来五年内经历重大的公共投资，包括一个将带来三个车站的轻轨项目。 此外，以交通为导向的开发分区、慈善和非营利活动、HOPE VI奖和税收增量融资区将鼓励私人投资者开发该社区。 我们预计，这些项目将推动重大变化，特别是在车站周围，而随着距离车站的增加，变化将不那么剧烈，创建“治疗和对照组”进行比较，并实施科学有效的研究。该社区主要是非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔，研究涉及非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔学生研究助理的数据收集和研究支持。 此外，社区工作者也参与数据收集工作。我们对公共驱动的投资在城市贫困社区的影响的记录将为城市规划者和政策制定者提供有价值的见解。这些数据对其他社会和行为科学家感兴趣，包括公共卫生，教育和许多其他领域的研究人员。 研究结果说明了公共投资对邻里变化的成本和收益。