Development of biopores in the subsurface by burrowing organisms and their impacts on infiltration, runoff, and contaminant transport characteristics

穴居生物在地下生物孔的发育及其对渗透、径流和污染物传输特性的影响

• 批准号: 0943679
• 负责人: Navin Kumar Twarakavi
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Auburn University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-15 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0943679&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; biopores; subsurface; burrowing; organisms

DEVELOPMENT OF BIOPORES IN THE SUBSURFACE BY BURROWING ORGANISMS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON INFILTRATION, RUNOFF, AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS.A major agent that can develop an extensive network of macropores in the subsurface is burrowing organisms that may include both vertebrates and invertebrates. Biopores created by burrowing animals and invertebrates could have a significant influence on hydrological processes. Understanding the burrowing process evokes interest among other disciplines such as soil morphology and entomology. Among the burrowing invertebrates, a species that has garnered significant attention in the U.S is the mole cricket. The project would be the first multi-disciplinary project to study biopore development by mole crickets and their effects on storage, transport, infiltration and runoff processes. The project will synergistically study biopore development from both hydrologic and entomological perspectives. The influence of biopores on infiltration, contaminant transport and runoff processes will be studied as a function of their age, as the pores are developed by mole crickets. We will also study the effects of biological coatings of the biopores on soil hydraulics using micro-morphological techniques. The project includes laboratory/ field-scale experiments as well as modeling work, which will shed new light on the evolution of biopores due to burrowing mole crickets at different scales. The biopores created by mole crickets will also be compared with similar-sized artificial macropores for their effects on infiltration and contaminant transport. The results from the project will be characterized using appropriate mathematical models to simulate effects of biopores on hydrologic processes. Specifically, we will develop modeling methods to describe how and why the biopores are different from artificial macropores, in terms of anisotropy in their flow characteristics.The project will have broader impacts on our knowledge of macropores from both hydrologic as well as entomological perspectives. The project will improve our basic understanding of the biopore development and their effects on infiltration and runoff processes. New information will be available on the differences between biopores encountered in soils and the artificial macropores typically used in laboratory studies. From an entomological perspective, the study will shed light on the burrowing behavior of mole crickets, the most important pest of recreational and pasture turfgrass in the southeastern U.S. This project will provide new insights into the behavior of this pest and for developing more efficient pesticide delivery strategies for controlling mole crickets.

穴居生物在地下的生物孔发育及其对入渗、径流和污染物运移特性的影响。可以在地下形成广泛的大孔网络的主要因素是穴居生物，可能包括脊椎动物和无脊椎动物。穴居动物和无脊椎动物产生的生物孔可能对水文过程产生重大影响。了解挖洞过程引起了土壤形态学和昆虫学等其他学科的兴趣。在穴居无脊椎动物中，有一种在美国引起了极大关注的物种是蝼蛄。该项目将是第一个研究蟋蟀生物孔发育及其对储存、运输、渗透和径流过程影响的多学科项目。该项目将从水文学和昆虫学的角度协同研究生物孔的发育。生物孔对渗透、污染物运输和径流过程的影响将作为它们年龄的函数来研究，因为孔是由蝼蛄发育的。我们还将利用微形态学技术研究生物孔的生物涂层对土壤水力学的影响。该项目包括实验室/现场规模的实验以及建模工作，这将为不同规模的穴居鼹鼠蟋蟀的生物孔进化提供新的线索。蟋蟀产生的生物孔也将与类似大小的人工大孔进行比较，以了解它们对渗透和污染物运输的影响。该项目的结果将使用适当的数学模型来模拟生物孔对水文过程的影响。具体来说，我们将开发建模方法来描述生物孔在流动特性的各向异性方面如何以及为什么与人工大孔不同。该项目将从水文学和昆虫学的角度对我们对大孔隙的认识产生更广泛的影响。该项目将提高我们对生物孔发育及其对入渗和径流过程的影响的基本认识。关于土壤中遇到的生物孔与实验室研究中通常使用的人工大孔之间的差异，将提供新的信息。从昆虫学的角度来看，该研究将揭示蝼蛄的挖洞行为，蝼蛄是美国东南部休闲和牧场草坪草中最重要的害虫。该项目将为这种害虫的行为提供新的见解，并为开发更有效的农药投放策略来控制蝼蛄。