Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica

摘要南极洲罗斯海壮观的南极Phaeocystis是世界上浓度最高的二甲基磺酰丙酸盐（DMSP）及其挥发性降解产物二甲基硫化物（DMS）的来源。该地区从海洋到大气的DMS通量及其随后的气相氧化产生的气溶胶对云的性质和可能的气候有很强的影响。在海洋中，DMS和DMSP是海洋食物网中碳、硫和能量流动的重要组成部分，特别是在罗斯海。尽管DMSP在罗斯海的碳和硫生物地球化学中起着核心作用，但令人惊讶的是，人们对其在南极南极的生理功能知之甚少。研究将从p .南极洲,隔离并描述DMSP裂解酶的目的,获得氨基酸和基因序列信息对这些重要的酶。生理研究将集中在不同强度的光合有效辐射的影响上，有和没有紫外线辐射，因为这些因素是我们发现的DMSP和DMS动力学的重要控制因素。该研究还将研究长时间的黑暗对南极斑孢虫DMSP和相关化合物动态的影响，因为该物种在黑暗的南极冬季和亚光深度的生存似乎是Phaeocystis？生态。这项工作的一个独特方面是专注于细胞内MSA的测量，如果检测到，将为甲基硫化合物的体内自由基清除功能提供强有力的证据。的研究将促进理解控制DMSP骑自行车和最终DMS罗斯海排放并提供信息使p南极洲在这种极端环境中如此成功。这项研究将直接受益并建立在包括国际表面海洋低层大气研究（SOLAS）计划在内的几个相互关联的海洋-大气项目上。pi将通过海豚岛海洋实验室探索馆项目和纽约州立大学ESF的赞助，参与包括K-12教育、高中教师培训、公众教育和播客在内的几项活动。作为该项目的一部分，两名研究生将被全职聘用，六名本科生（每年暑期两名）将接受培训。

AbstractSpectacular blooms of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea, Antarctica are the source of some of the world's highest concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS). The flux of DMS from the oceans to the atmosphere in this region and its subsequent gas phase oxidation generates aerosols that have a strong influence on cloud properties and possibly climate. In the oceans, DMS and DMSP are quantitatively significant components of the carbon, sulfur, and energy flows in marine food webs, especially in the Ross Sea. Despite its central role in carbon and sulfur biogeochemistry in the Ross Sea, surprisingly little is known about the physiological functions of DMSP in P. Antarctica. The research will isolate and characterize DMSP lyases from P. antarctica, with the goal of obtaining amino acid and gene sequence information on these important enzymes. The physiological studies will focus on the effects of varying intensities of photosynthetically active radiation, with and without ultraviolet radiation as these are factors that we have found to be important controls on DMSP and DMS dynamics. The research also will examine the effects of prolonged darkness on the dynamics of DMSP and related compounds in P. antarctica, as survival of this species during the dark Antarctic winter and at sub-euphotic depths appears to be an important part of the Phaeocystis? ecology. A unique aspect of this work is the focus on measurements of intracellular MSA, which if detected, would provide strong evidence for in vivo radical scavenging functions for methyl sulfur compounds. The study will advance understanding of what controls DMSP cycling and ultimately DMS emissions from the Ross Sea and also provide information on what makes P. antarctica so successful in this extreme environment. The research will directly benefit and build on several interrelated ocean-atmosphere programs including the International Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The PIs will participate in several activities involving K-12 education, High School teacher training, public education and podcasting through the auspices of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Discovery Hall program and SUNY ESF. Two graduate students will be employed full time, and six undergraduates (2 each summer) will be trained as part of this project.