Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica

合作研究：DMSP 和相关化合物的生态生理学及其对南极棕囊藻碳和硫动态的贡献

• 批准号: 0944686
• 负责人: David Kieber
• 金额: $ 36.03万
• 依托单位: SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0944686&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecophysiology; DMSP; related

AbstractSpectacular blooms of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea, Antarctica are the source of some of the world's highest concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS). The flux of DMS from the oceans to the atmosphere in this region and its subsequent gas phase oxidation generates aerosols that have a strong influence on cloud properties and possibly climate. In the oceans, DMS and DMSP are quantitatively significant components of the carbon, sulfur, and energy flows in marine food webs, especially in the Ross Sea. Despite its central role in carbon and sulfur biogeochemistry in the Ross Sea, surprisingly little is known about the physiological functions of DMSP in P. Antarctica. The research will isolate and characterize DMSP lyases from P. antarctica, with the goal of obtaining amino acid and gene sequence information on these important enzymes. The physiological studies will focus on the effects of varying intensities of photosynthetically active radiation, with and without ultraviolet radiation as these are factors that we have found to be important controls on DMSP and DMS dynamics. The research also will examine the effects of prolonged darkness on the dynamics of DMSP and related compounds in P. antarctica, as survival of this species during the dark Antarctic winter and at sub-euphotic depths appears to be an important part of the Phaeocystis? ecology. A unique aspect of this work is the focus on measurements of intracellular MSA, which if detected, would provide strong evidence for in vivo radical scavenging functions for methyl sulfur compounds. The study will advance understanding of what controls DMSP cycling and ultimately DMS emissions from the Ross Sea and also provide information on what makes P. antarctica so successful in this extreme environment. The research will directly benefit and build on several interrelated ocean-atmosphere programs including the International Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The PIs will participate in several activities involving K-12 education, High School teacher training, public education and podcasting through the auspices of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Discovery Hall program and SUNY ESF. Two graduate students will be employed full time, and six undergraduates (2 each summer) will be trained as part of this project.

摘要南极罗斯海棕囊藻的镜面水华是世界上最高浓度的二甲基磺酸丙酸盐(DMSP)及其挥发性降解产物二甲基硫化物(DMS)的来源。DMS从海洋到大气的通量及其随后的气相氧化产生的气溶胶对云的性质以及可能的气候都有很大的影响。在海洋中，DMS和DMSP在数量上是海洋食物网中碳、硫和能量流动的重要组成部分，特别是在罗斯海。尽管DMSP在罗斯海的碳和硫生物地球化学中起着核心作用，但令人惊讶的是，人们对其在南极洲南极洲的生理功能知之甚少。这项研究将分离和鉴定南极假单胞菌的DMSP裂解酶，以获得这些重要酶的氨基酸和基因序列信息。生理学研究将集中在不同强度的光合作用有效辐射，有没有紫外线辐射的影响，因为这些因素是我们发现的对DMSP和DMS动态的重要控制因素。这项研究还将考察长时间黑暗对南极棕囊藻DMSP和相关化合物动态的影响，因为这种物种在黑暗的南极冬季和亚真光深处的生存似乎是棕囊藻？生态学。这项工作的一个独特方面是对细胞内MSA的测量，如果检测到，将为甲基硫化合物在体内清除自由基的功能提供强有力的证据。这项研究将促进人们对是什么控制着罗斯海DMSP循环和最终DMS排放的理解，并提供关于是什么使南极洲在这种极端环境中如此成功的信息。这项研究将直接受益于几个相互关联的海洋-大气计划，包括国际表层海洋低层大气研究(SOLAS)计划。PIS将通过Dauphin Island海洋实验室探索大厅计划和纽约州立大学ESF的赞助，参与几项涉及K-12教育、高中教师培训、公共教育和播客的活动。两名研究生将被全职聘用，六名本科生(每年夏天两名)将作为该项目的一部分接受培训。