Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica

合作研究：DMSP 和相关化合物的生态生理学及其对南极棕囊藻碳和硫动态的贡献

• 批准号: 0944686
• 负责人: David Kieber
• 金额: $ 36.03万
• 依托单位: SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0944686&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecophysiology; DMSP; related

AbstractSpectacular blooms of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea, Antarctica are the source of some of the world's highest concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS). The flux of DMS from the oceans to the atmosphere in this region and its subsequent gas phase oxidation generates aerosols that have a strong influence on cloud properties and possibly climate. In the oceans, DMS and DMSP are quantitatively significant components of the carbon, sulfur, and energy flows in marine food webs, especially in the Ross Sea. Despite its central role in carbon and sulfur biogeochemistry in the Ross Sea, surprisingly little is known about the physiological functions of DMSP in P. Antarctica. The research will isolate and characterize DMSP lyases from P. antarctica, with the goal of obtaining amino acid and gene sequence information on these important enzymes. The physiological studies will focus on the effects of varying intensities of photosynthetically active radiation, with and without ultraviolet radiation as these are factors that we have found to be important controls on DMSP and DMS dynamics. The research also will examine the effects of prolonged darkness on the dynamics of DMSP and related compounds in P. antarctica, as survival of this species during the dark Antarctic winter and at sub-euphotic depths appears to be an important part of the Phaeocystis? ecology. A unique aspect of this work is the focus on measurements of intracellular MSA, which if detected, would provide strong evidence for in vivo radical scavenging functions for methyl sulfur compounds. The study will advance understanding of what controls DMSP cycling and ultimately DMS emissions from the Ross Sea and also provide information on what makes P. antarctica so successful in this extreme environment. The research will directly benefit and build on several interrelated ocean-atmosphere programs including the International Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The PIs will participate in several activities involving K-12 education, High School teacher training, public education and podcasting through the auspices of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Discovery Hall program and SUNY ESF. Two graduate students will be employed full time, and six undergraduates (2 each summer) will be trained as part of this project.

摘要南极罗斯海棕囊藻（Phaeocystis anaerotica）的大量繁殖是世界上最高浓度的二甲基磺基丙酸盐（DMSP）及其挥发性降解产物二甲基硫醚（DMS）的来源。二甲基硫从海洋流入该区域的大气，随后发生气相氧化，产生气溶胶，对云的性质和可能的气候有很大影响。在海洋中，二甲硫醚和二甲硫SP是海洋食物网中碳、硫和能量流动的重要组成部分，特别是在罗斯海。尽管DMSP在罗斯海的碳和硫地球化学中起着核心作用，但令人惊讶的是，人们对DMSP在南极洲的生理功能知之甚少。该研究将从P. anastritica中分离和表征DMSP裂解酶，目的是获得这些重要酶的氨基酸和基因序列信息。生理研究将侧重于不同强度的光合有效辐射的影响，有和没有紫外线辐射，因为这些因素，我们已经发现是重要的控制DMSP和DMS动态。该研究还将研究长期黑暗对南极棕囊藻DMSP和相关化合物动态的影响，因为该物种在黑暗的南极冬季和真光层以下的生存似乎是棕囊藻的重要组成部分。生态这项工作的一个独特的方面是专注于测量细胞内MSA，如果检测到，将提供强有力的证据，在体内自由基清除功能的甲基硫化合物。该研究将促进对控制罗斯海DMSP循环和最终DMS排放的原因的了解，并提供关于是什么使P. anastritica在这种极端环境中如此成功的信息。 该研究将直接受益于几个相互关联的海洋-大气计划，包括国际表层海洋低层大气研究（SOLAS）计划。 PI将通过多芬岛海洋实验室探索厅项目和SUNY ESF的赞助，参加涉及K-12教育、高中教师培训、公共教育和播客的几项活动。两名研究生将全职工作，六名本科生（每年夏季2名）将接受培训，作为该项目的一部分。