SBIR Phase I: A Ground-Based Sensor Array for Wake Vortex Detection

SBIR 第一阶段：用于尾流涡流检测的地面传感器阵列

• 批准号: 0945388
• 负责人: Dominique Fourguette
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Michigan Aerospace Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0945388&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; Ground; Based; Sensor

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project seeks to develop a low-cost, easily-deployable sensor suite capable of providing the entire flow velocity field of wake vortices produced by airplanes near airports. Large aircraft produce strong air vortices at their wingtips, a significant hazard for smaller following aircraft. Without observing the vortices, aircraft must be widely-spaced on takeoff and landing. Current systems for airport wake-vortex measurement, such as wind anemometers, Radar Acoustic Sounding Sensors (RASS) and pulsed Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), do not capture the detailed flow-field of the vortex, so hazardous situations like counter-rotating vortices may not be detected. The new technique is based on the use of a sensor suite located at specific points near the runway to map the vortical flow. This Phase I effort includes a demonstration of the concept using existing laboratory data (consisting of 2-D mappings of vortical wall flows), and trade studies and design of the sensor suite. The sensor concept will be prototyped and tested in Phase II in an airport setting. The broader impact/commercial potential of this project will be increased safety during take-off and landing, especially for small aircraft. Present practice is to allow a fixed amount of spacing after a particular aircraft type to allow the vortices it produces to dissipate, plus an added safety margin. The ability to directly observe the vortices will allow following distances to be based on actual conditions, allowing adaptive spacing, thus enhancing safety. In comparison with competing, more complex and more delicate LIDAR and radar-based systems, the low cost of this instrumentation will allow smaller airports, not just the largest ones, to be equipped with this technology. Such smaller airports using this capability can increase their flight capacity, thus potentially relieving larger hubs, especially if an emergency evacuation were to be declared. Larger airports can use the technology to increase overall safety, especially for smaller aircraft, allowing them to land and take off with confidence amongst the larger airliners. This effort will also increase our understanding of vortical wall flows, ubiquitous in windy conditions combined with rugged terrain. Derivative versions of this equipment will be useful for other applications, such as for emergency teams required to operate in hazardous-access, windy conditions.

该小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第一阶段项目旨在开发一种低成本，易于部署的传感器套件，能够提供机场附近飞机产生的尾涡的整个流速场。 大型飞机在其翼尖处产生强烈的空气涡流，这对较小的后续飞机是一个重大的危险。 如果不观察涡流，飞机在起飞和降落时必须间隔很大。 目前用于机场尾涡测量的系统，如风速计、雷达声学探测传感器（RASS）和脉冲光探测和测距（LIDAR），不能捕获涡的详细流场，因此可能无法检测到反向旋转涡等危险情况。这项新技术是基于使用位于跑道附近特定点的传感器套件来绘制涡流。第一阶段的工作包括使用现有的实验室数据（包括2-D映射的旋涡壁流），贸易研究和设计的传感器套件的概念演示。传感器概念将在第二阶段在机场环境中进行原型和测试。该项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力将是提高起飞和着陆期间的安全性，特别是对于小型飞机。 目前的做法是在特定的飞机类型之后允许固定量的间隔，以允许它产生的涡流消散，加上增加的安全裕度。 直接观察涡流的能力将允许以下距离基于实际条件，允许自适应间距，从而提高安全性。 与竞争对手相比，更复杂，更精密的激光雷达和基于雷达的系统，这种仪器的低成本将允许较小的机场，而不仅仅是最大的机场，配备这项技术。使用这种能力的小型机场可以增加其飞行能力，从而有可能缓解大型枢纽的压力，特别是在宣布紧急疏散的情况下。大型机场可以使用该技术来提高整体安全性，特别是小型飞机，使它们能够在大型客机中自信地降落和起飞。这一努力也将增加我们对涡旋壁流的理解，涡旋壁流在有风的条件下和崎岖的地形中无处不在。 该设备的衍生版本将用于其他应用，例如需要在危险通道和大风条件下操作的应急小组。